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Colorado 
Hand- Book 


AN  ALPHABETICAL  TREATISE  OF 

Towns  *-H|iNi>  Mines 
Scenery,  Agriculture 
Business  Resources 


Compliments  of 

-^^^jk^   The  Passenger  Department  of  the 
^S^^  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad 


LANDS  AND  WATER 

RIGHTS 


ON  EIGHTEEN  YEARS' 
TIME  AT  FIVE  PER 
CENT.  INTEREST,  IN 
THE  GREAT  SAN  ; 
LUIS  VALLEY,  AMER- 
ICA'S GREATEST 
WHEAT  COUNTRY.^ 


Shipping  wheat  out  of  the  San  Luis  Valley. 


Theillamosa  Land  and 
Canal  C^ss 


WRITE  TO  ... 

A/i^^B^cmr, 

Secretary. 


ALAnoSA,  COLO. 


*' Behold,  gentlemen, 
my  wealthiest,  most 
promising  daughter, 

Colorado. 
Take  her!  She  is  yours. 
Study  her  nature  and 
qualities.  Treat  her 
kindly  and  she  will  re- 
pay you  with  long  life, 
much  joy  and  abundant 
riches. ' ' 


AN 

ENCYCLOPAEDIC  TREATISE 

ON  COLORADO 

TOWNS,    SCENERY, 

INDUSTRIAL  RESOURCES,  ETC. 

CONSERVATIVELY  TOLD 


lU^     A- 


Compiled  by  FRANCIS  D!  Tandy  for  the  Publishers 

THE  CARSON-f/XkPER  CO. 

At  the  sign  of  the  Golden  Griffin  in  Denver 

Copyright  1899 

All  Rights  Reserved 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


il^'^'^  A 

Bancroft  Librisry 

Agricultural  College,  at  Fort  Collins,  Rev.  B.  O.  Ayles- 
worth,    Pres't— Supported   by   the  federal   and   state   gov- 
ernments.   Income  '98,  $65,500.    No.  of  students  '98,  males 
234,   females  83.    Tuition   free   to   residents   of   the   state. 
[•      Experiment  stations  are  conducted  in  connection  with  the 
[U.     college  at  Fort  Collins,  Rocky  Ford  and  Cheyenne  Wells. 
9      Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  president. 

Agrlculture-The  demand  of  the  miners  and  diflBiculties  of 

r  transportation  in  eai'ly  days  soon  led  to  the  establishment 
of  agriculture.    The  dryness  of  the  climate  made  irrigation 
imperative  and  caused  more  scientific  methods  of  farming 
to  be  followed  than  is  usually  found  in  the  Middle  States; 
Science  and  industry  have  so  triumphed  over  unfavorable 
conditions,  that  now  the  agricultural  product  of  the  state 
almost  exceeds  the  output  of  its  mines.    The  main  agricul- 
tural area  is  along  the  Platte  and  Arkansas  rivers,  the  San 
3     Luis  valley  and  on  the  western  slope.    The  soil,  in  general, 
-^     is  a  sandy  loam,  varied  in  some  districts  by  clay,  adobe  and 
other  constituents.    It  is  responsive  in  a  very  high  degree 
^     wherever  water  can  be  applied  to  it.    Through  the  applica- 
tion of  water  it  is  constantly  receiving  additions  to  the 
3.     elements  needed  to  support  vegetation.    The  principal  agri- 
'      cultural  products  and  their  value  in  1898  were:     Com  and 
grain,  $5,300,000;  melons  and  fruit,  $5,500,000;  alfalfa  and 
grasses,    $7,000,000;    potatoes    and    vegetables,    $4,500,000; 
^      grasses,  $7,000,000;  potatoes  and  vegetables,  $4,500,000;  dai- 
?      ry,  poultry  and  bee  products,  $6,250,000;  live  stock,  $14,- 
i      800,000,  making  a  total  of  $43,350,000.  The  total  area  of  the 
^      state  is  66,000,000  acres,  of  which  4,500,00  acres  are  now 
"^      under  irrigation  ditches  and  only  2,00,000  are  under  culti- 
^      vation.    There  are  30,000,000  acres  of  grazing  land,  6,000,- 
>      000  acres  of  wooded  land,  6,000,000  acres  of  forest  land, 
^      and  about  8,000,000  acres  of  arable  land  which  is  suscepti- 
^      ble  of  irrigation.    See  also  Irrigation,  Stock  Raising,  Dairy, 
Poultry  and  under  the  name  of  each  product.    Read  also 
Reports  of  State  Board   of   Agriculture   and   Bulletins   of 
State  Agrilcultural  College. 


LEYNER    AIR    COMPRESSORS 


ARE  CHARACTERIZED   BY 


Improved  Designs  Superior  Workmanship 

Minimum  Clearance         Maximum  Strength 

Perfect  Inter-Cooling 
Highest  Efficiency  Greatest  Economy 

Tbcy  arc  Especially  Adapted  to 
mine  Ulork  in   High  ilUitudcs 

MANUFACTURED   AND  S^tD  BY 

J.  GEO.  LEYNER,  Denver,  Colo. 
Ulorks:  36tb  Stmt  (corner  Ulazee) 

City  Office:— Albany  Hotel  Building 

EDW.  P.  ALUS  COMPANY 
Milwaukee 

....SOLE  AGENTS 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  7 

Aguilar,  Las  Animas  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  Trinidad 
23  ni.     Pop.  900.     Alt.  6,588.     Coal  mining  and  farming. 

Air  Compressors-A  Denver  manufacturer  of  mining  ma- 
chinery early  recognized  the  rarity  of  the  atmosphere  in 
the  higher  altitudes  as  an  important  element  in  the  prob- 
lem of  air  compression,  and  proportioned  his  compressors 
so  as  to  obtain  a  high  efficiency  for  them  in  high  altitude 
work.  The  ability  of  his  machines  to  sustain  a  high  alti- 
tude rating  has  enabled  his  house  to  command  a  large  trade 
in  all  western  mining  states,  and  Denver  will  manufacture 
not  less  than  a  hundred  air  compressors  during  1899. 

Akron,  county  seat  of  Washington  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  R. 
R.     Denver  112  m.     Fare  $4.50.     Pop.  500.     Farming. 

Alamosa,  Conejos  Co.,  is  the  center  of  the  San  Luis 
Valley,  on  the  D.  &.  R.  G.  R.  R.  Alt.  7,546  ft.  Denver  300 
m.  Fare  $11.15.  It  is  a  flourishing  town  in  a  rich  agri- 
cultural district;  also  large  milling  centre.  3,000  artesian 
wells  in  the  vicinity.  Good  trout  fishing  and  duck  and 
goose  shooting  spring  and  fall.  The  climate  is  mild  and 
equable  and  beneficial  to  pulmonary  diseases.  Opera  with 
300  seats. 

Alfalfa,  known  elsewhere  as  Merdick  or  Lucerne,  is  the 
principal  forage  crop  of  the  state.  The  value  of  this  crop 
in  1898  was  $5,000,000.  It  produces  three  good  crops  per 
year  and  is  sometimes  cut  oftener  than  this.  Its  roots  are 
sometimes  8  feet  long  and  its  usual  length  of  life  is  about 
8  years,  though  it  has  sometimes  been  known  to  live  for 
50  years.     It  does  well  under  irrigation. 

See  Bulletin  No.  35,  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of 
Colorado. 

Alma,  Park  Co.,  on  the  Platte  river.  Splendid  scenery. 
On  the  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  120  m.  from  Denver.  Pop.  500. 
Alt.  10,300  ft.  Fine  climate,  especially  in  summer.  Good 
hotels,  $1.50  to  $3  per  day.     Good  churches  and  schools. 

Alpine,  Chaffee  Co.  149  m.  from  Denver  on  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.  Alt.  11,500  ft.  From  Alpine  Pass,  13  miles  further 
west,  a  superb  view  of  the  Uncompahgre  range,  150  miles 
away,  and  of  the  Wahsatch  Mtns.  in  Utah,  is  to  be  seen. 

Altman,  El  Paso  Co.,  2%  m.  from  Cripple  Creek  on  F.  & 
C.  C.  R.  R.,  at  the  top  of  Bull  Hill,  has  many  rich  gold 
mines.     Pop.  1,200. 


8  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Animas  Canon,    on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  is  one  of  the 

most  picturesque  gorges  in  the  Rocky  Mtns.  For  a  dozen 
miles  N.  of  Durango  the  railroad  passes  through  a  fertile 
valley.  Soon  the  valley  becomes  more  contracted  and 
broken.  The  train  passes  along  a  narrow  road-bed  cut 
in  the  side  of  the  cliffs.  The  river  flows  hundreds  of  feet 
below,  while  the  cliffs,  capped  with  pine  and  sycamores, 
rise  thousands  of  feet  above. 


Animas  Canon, 
D.&  R.G.  R.  R 


Animas  Citv,  La  Plata  Co.,  3  miles  from  Durango. 
Pop.  200.    Mining. 

Antlers,  Garfield  Co.,  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  Alt.  5,300 
ft.    Denver  389  m.,  fare  $11.00.    Good  scenery. 

Antonito,  Conejos  Co.,  in  the  San  Luis  Valley,  on  the 
D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  279  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.75. 
Round  trip  summer  rate,  $20.55.  Alt.  7,888  ft.  Pop.  500. 
Good  hotel,  $2.00  per  day.  .  Good  trout  fishing  and  duck  and 
rabbit  shooting  in  spring  and  fall. 

Apis liapa, Las  Animas  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  the  center 
of  the  coal  fields  and  stock  raising  district.  Denver  189 
M.,  fare  $7.35.     Alt.  6,159  ft. 

Apple  Culture  is  assuming  big  proportions.  Colorado 
apples  are  superseding  those  from  California  in  the  eastern 
markets  on  account  of  superior  quality.  From  125  to  150 
cars  were  shipped  from  Delta  county  alone  in  1898.  The 
orchards  lie  principally  along  the  Gunnison  river  and  all 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  9 

along  the  Western  slope.  Over  81,000  acres  are  now  planted. 
Montrose,  Delta,  Mesa,  Fremont  and  La  Plata  are  special 
apple  producing  counties. 

Arapahoe  County  runs  east  from  Denver  to  the  Kansas 
line.  Denver  is  the  county  seat.  Valuation,  $69,299,542. 
Principal  resources  are  manufacturing,  market  garden- 
ing, dairying,  fruit  growing  and  agriculture  in  general.  It 
contains  360,000  acres  of  agricultural  and  857,000  acres 
of  grazing  land  and  3,000  acres  of  coal  fields.  See  also 
Denver. 


ARTESIAN  Well 

At  Alamosa,  Colo.    It' is 

932  feet  deep,  flows  600  g^al- 

lons  per  minute,  and  cost, 

including  the  casing,  $2,700 


Colorado  Apple  Tree 


Arapahoe  Peak    (13,520  ft.),  in  the  Front  range,  Boulder 
Co.,  is  plainly  seen  from  Denver.     Its  horizontal  summit, 


10  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

with  a  point  of  rock  at  each  extremity,  is  easily  recog- 
nizable. 

Archuleta  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  state. 
Pagosa  Springs  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valu- 
ation is  $426,591.  It  contains  16,000  acres  of  agricultural 
and  101,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  Its  principal  indus- 
tries are  sheep  and  cattle  raising. 

Argo  Arapahoe  Co.,  on  Colo.  Southern  and  B.  &  M.  R. 
R's.,  2  m.  N.  of  Denver.  Pop.  500.  Alt.  5,200  ft.  Location 
of  Boston  and  Colorado  Smelter. 

Arkansas  Valley  is  perhaps  the  most  fertile  part  of 
the  state.  It  runs  E.  from  Canon  City  to  the  state  line, 
a  distance  of  200  miles.  The  altitude  is  from  5,300  ft.  to 
3,500  ft.  There  are  now  646,000  acres  under  irrigation, 
and  this  figure  will  be  increased  to  fully  1,000,000  acres 
during  the  next  three  years.  One  thousand  miles  of  irri- 
gating canals  now  exist.  There  are  364,000  acres  now^ 
under  cultivation.  The  fruit  is  of  exceptionally  fine 
flavor  and  quality  and  is  being  shipped  to  the  East  and 
to  England.  Melons  are  grown  in  abundance  and  all 
agricultural  products  flourish.  Petroleum  is  found  at 
Florence,  gold  around  Canon  City,  while  Pueblo  is  justly 
considered  the  Pittsburg  of  the  West.  A  manufacturing 
center.    See  also  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas. 

Around  the  Circle— See  Circle  trip. 

Art— Much  good  w^ork  is  being  done  by  the  Artists'  Club 
of  Denver  and  the  Colorado  Art  Club.  School-room  decora- 
tion is  being  fostered  by  these  clubs  and  by  the  AVomen's 
Clubs.  The  State  Supt.  of  Public  Instruction  has  issued 
a  valuable  pamphlet  on  "School-Room  Decoration"  which 
may  be  had  on  application. 

Artesian  Wells  are  found  in  quantities  in  the  "Denver 
basin"  along  the  Platte  and  more  particularly  in  the  "Sa,n 
Luis  basin."  In  the  former  case  the  wells  are  about  600 
ft.  deep,  in  the  latter  they  vary  from  45  ft.  to  900  ft.,  though 
a  large  number  are  between  100  ft.  and  200  ft.  deep.  The 
temperature  of  the  water  increases  about  1  degree  for 
every  34  ft.  increase  in  depth.  The  pressure  and  the  min- 
eral properties  of  the  Avater  also  increase  with  the  depth. 
The  water  is  excellent  for  domestic  and  manufacturing 
purposes  and  is  used  extensively  for  irrigation  in  the  San 
IjUjs  basin.     See  also  mineral  springs. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


11 


See  Bulletin  No.  16,  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of 
Colorado.    See,  also,  Mineral  Springs. 

Arvada,  Jefferson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  8  m.  W.  of 
Denver.     Pop.  200.     Alt.  5,300. 

Aspen,  county  seat  of  Pitkin  Co.,  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R. 
R.  and  C.  Md.  Ry.,  285  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12,  summer 
round  trip  $18.  Alt.  7,875  ft.  Pop.  5,000.  Surrounded  on  all 
sides  by  lofty  mountains  rich  in  silver.  Trout,  duck,  elk, 
deer  and  small  game  are  found  in  vicinity.  It  has  electric 
lights,  good  water,  an  opera  house  with  740  seats,  good 
hotels,  $2.50  to  $3  per  day,  fine  scenery  and  delightful 
climate.  Many  paying  mines  are  worked  in  the  mountains 
near. 

Assayers'  Supplies  to  the  value  of  $143,000  were  manu- 
factured in  Denver  in  1898. 

Audubon  Peak  (13,173  ft.).  Front  range,  Boulder  Co., 
midway  between  Long's  and  Arapahoe  peaks.  Visible  from 
Denver. 


THE 


Subscribed 
Capita  I.' 

$5,000,000 

Assets 
$1,188,000 


FIDELITY 

SAVINGS 
ASSOCIATION 


OF  DENVER 


A  zMoney-Saving  and 
Home-Building  Association 


Money  Loaned 

for 
Building  Homes 


PaVS  4  ^^  ^  P^^  cent,  on  Deposit 
==  Accounts.  ^  Literature  and 
Plan  mailed  upon  request.  ^  It  pays 
to  look  into  it,^  ^  ^  ^  S  ^  ^  ^ 


omccs:  825  16th  St,       E.  M.  Johnson,  Manag:cr 

Largest  Savings  t^ssociation  tn  the 
Rocky  (Mountain  Region 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  13 

B 

Baca  County  is  in  the  extreme  S.  E.  part  of  the  state. 
The  county  seat  is  Springfield.  The  assessed  valuation  is 
$252,410.  It  contains  277,000  acres  of  grazing  land  and 
is  principally  devoted  to  stock  raising. 

Baggage— 150  lbs.  is  allowed  on  full  ticket,  75  lbs.  on  half 
ticket.  Excess  rate  per  100  lbs.,  12  per  cent,  of  first  class 
fare.  No  piece  to  weigh  more  than  250  pounds.  Bicycles, 
camping  outfits  and  guns  are  usually  carried  as  baggage. 
On  stages  the  allowance  is  from  30  to  50  lbs. 

Banks— Colorado  has  43  national  and  23  state  and  private 
banks,  with  a  total  capital  of  $6,397,400,  surplus  over  $3,- 
000,000.  The  banks,  though  less  numerous  than  before 
1893,  are  conducted  on  a  much  more  conservative  and 
sounder  basis.  They  are  stronger  than  ever  before  and  are 
steadily  growing  in  importance. 

Bare  Hills,  Fremont  Co.  Daily  stage  from  Canon  City, 
22  m.  away.     Pop.  200.     Gold  mining. 

Barley  Crop  for  1898  was  12,000,000  lbs.  This  was  all 
used  in  the  local  breweries  and  the  demand  for  it  is  in- 
creasing steadily. 

Barr  Arapahoe  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  R.  Denver  17  m., 
fare  70c.     Pop.  100.     Agriculture. 

Basalt,  Eagle  Co.  Division  point  on  C.  Md.  Ry.  Denver 
272  m.    Alt.  6,600  ft.    Pop.  600.    Railroad  shops,  etc. 

Bear  Creek  Canon  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  places 
near  Denver.  Morrison,  at  the  mouth  of  the  canon,  is  only 
16  miles  from  Denver  on  the  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  The  drive 
up  from  Morrison  to  Evergreen,  ten  miles  up  the  canon, 
is  noted  for  its  fine  mountain  scenery.  There  are  many 
ranches  where  board  may  be  had  in  the  summer.  The 
canon  is  a  favorite  place  for  camping  out,  being  both  se- 
cluded and  within  easy  reach  of  Denver.  At  Morrison  there 
are  stone  and  lime  quarries  and  at  the  head  of  the  stream 
there  are  some  rich  gold  properties.  See  also  Morrison  and 
Evergreen. 

Beer  manufacture  in  1898  was  about  200,000  gallons. 

Bees— The  alfalfa  grown  in  all  sections  of  the  state  af- 
fords the  best  possible  pasture  for  bees.  The  honey  from 
this  source  is  clean,  white  and  solid.    About  700,000  lbs.  of 


14  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

honey  of  a  value  of  $30,000  weie  produced  in  1898.  The 
Colorado  Bee  Keepers'  Ass'n.  is  doing  much  to  develop 
this  industry,  which  promises  to  become  of  very  great  im- 
portance in  the  state. 

Read  also  McCook  Honey  Ants  of  the  Garden  of  the  Gods. 

Beet  Sugar— See  sugar  beets. 

Bent  County  is  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  state  in  the  Ar- 
kansas Valley.  The  county  seat  is  Las  Animas.  The 
assessed  valuation  is  $899,819.  It  contains  35,000  acres  of 
agricultural  and  83,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  It  has  over 
100  miles  of  irrigating  canals.  About  300,000  bushels  of 
wheat  and  oats  and  50,000  tons  of  alfalfa  were  harvested 
in  1898.  The  fruit  crop  amounted  to  upwards  of  $20,000. 
Upwards  of  60,000  head  of  cattle  and  sheep  graze  in  the 
county. 

Berthoud,  Larimer  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  Denver  54 
m.  Alt.  4,700  ft.  Pop.  900.  Center  of  a  prosperous  farm- 
ing district.     Roller  mills  and  elevator. 

Bibliography  —See  Literature. 

Bicycles— There  are  more  bicycles  sold  in  Denver  per 
capita  than  in  any  other  city  in  the  U.  S.  There  are  about 
45,000  in  the  city.  Value  of  those  made  in  Denver  in  1898, 
$75.(X)0.  Other  cities  of  the  state  make  a  proportionately 
good  shoAving.  Repair  shops  are  to  be  found  in  nearly  all 
towns. 

Bicycling  is  possible  the  year  round.  Tlie  roads  are  re- 
markably free  from  mud  in  winter  and  from  sand  in  sum- 
mer. All  along  the  east  of  the  foothills  are  beautiful  rides. 
'The  bicyclists  have  built  a  cycle  path  over  50  miles  long  from 
Denver  to  Palmer  Lake  by  private  subscription.  This  runs 
along  beside  an  irrigating  canal  and  is  a  beautiful,  shady 
ride  in  summer.  Many  of  the  mountain  roads  are  accessible 
to  the  robust  rider  who  is  not  afraid  of  a  steep  climb. 
Bicycles  are  carried  free  of  charge  as  baggage  on  all  rail- 
roads. The  papers  publish  a  bulletin  of  the  condition  of  the 
roads  every  Sunday  morning  in  the  summer.  There  are 
fine  wheel  clubs  and  racing  tracks  in  Denver,  Colorado 
Springs  and  many  other  cities. 

Birds— 360  species  are  known  in  Colorado,  of  which  280 
breed  in  the  state.  This  number  is  exceeded  by  only  one 
state  in  the  Union.  Of  game  birds,  ducks,  geese,  grouse 
and  quail  abound.     See  also  Game;  hunting.     Read  also 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


15 


Cooke,  W.  W.,  "Bird  Migration  in  the  Mississippi  Valley" 
and  "Birds  of  Colorado." 

Black  Canon —  the  Grand  Gorge  of  the  Gunnison,  is 
penetrated  by  the  D.  &  K.  G.  R.  R.  For  many  miles  the 
track  lies  upon  a  shelf  that  has  been  blasted  in  the  solid 
cliffs,  which  rise  2,000  ft.  sheer  above  and  so  close  to- 
gether that  daj^light  hardly  penetrates.  The  noisy  stream 
is  barely  seen  below  as  the  train  crosses  from  side  to  side 
of  the  canon.  The  scenery  is  ever  changing.  Fleeting 
glimpses  of  a  mighty  canon,  spacious  ampitheaters,  huge 
monuments  of  rock  like  the  Currecanti  Needle,  mountain 
streams  leaping  from  dizzy  cliffs  to  limpid  pool  below— all 
these  present  themselves  to  the  view  in  rapid  succession. 


Chipeta  Falls 

Black  Canon  of  the 

Gunnison. 


Black  Hawk,  Gilpin  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Rv.  Denver 
38  m.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  1,500.  Gold  mining  and  milling. 
Gold  discovered  by  John  H.  Gregory  and  Geo'.  A.  Jackson 
0th  May,  1859,  and  in  5  days  5  men  took  out  $942.  It  is 
still  the  center  of  the  richest  gold  field.     Splendid  scenery. 

Blind-See  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind. 


16 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Blue  River  Range,  sometimes  called  Eagle  River  Mtns., 
runs  parallel  with  the  Park  range  through  Summit  Co.  It 
ends  in  the  western  part  of  Park  Co.  Mt.  Powell,  13,398  ft., 
Summit  Co.,  nearest  point  Dillon;  Red  Peak,  12,382  ft., 
Summit  Co.,  nearest  point,  Dillon;  Miles  Peak,  12,890  ft., 
Summit  Co.,  nearest  point,  Dillon;  Whale  Peak,  13,200  ft., 
Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Breckenridge;  Mt.  Guyot,  13,565  ft., 
Summit  Co.,  nearest  point,  Breckenridge;  Mt.  Hamilton, 
13,800  ft..  Summit  Co.,  nearest  point,  Breckenridge;  Silver 
Heel,  13,835  ft.  Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Como. 


Down  the  Blue,  on  the  Colo.  &  Southern  Ry. 


Bookkeepers  are  paid  $60  to  $100  per  month;  stenograph- 
ers $40  to  $75;  school  teachers  $70  (on  the  average);  clerks 
in  stores  $12  to  $18  per  week;  type  setters  $20;  pressmen 
$14  to  $25;  bricklayers  $5  per  day;  stone  masons  $4  to  $5; 
carpenters  $3  to  $4;  painters  $2.85;  teamsters  $3  to  $3.50; 
laborers  $1.50  to  $2.50;  miners  30  to  40  cents  per  hour. 

Boulder,  county  seat  of  Boulder  Co.,  on  U.  P.  Ry.  and 
Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  Denver  29  m.,  fare  $1.20,  round  trip  $1.60. 
Alt.  5,350.  Pop.  6,000.  Site  of  the  State  University. 
Surrounded  by  rich  agricultural  and  mining  districts.     It 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  17 

has  fine  homes,  splendid  scenery,  electric  lights,  water 
works,  etc.  One  of  the  handsomest  and  most  prosperous 
towns  in  the  state.  The  Colorado-Texas  Chautauqua  meets 
here  every  summer.  Good  accommodations  $2  to  $2.50  per 
day. 

Boulder  County  is  N.  W.  of  Arapahoe  Co.  Boulder  is 
the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $5,384,312.  It 
contains  121,000  acres  of  agricultural  and  90,000  acres  of 
grazing  land  and  3,400'  acres  of  coal  fields.  The  mineral 
output  for  1898  was:  Gold  $675,000,  silver  $100,000,  lead 
$13,000,  copper  $7,000,  mailing  a  total  of  about  $800,000. 

Breckenridge,  county  seat  of  Summit  Co.,  on  Colo.  &. 
So.  Ry.  Denver  110  m.,  fare  $5.90.  Alt.  9,600  ft.  Pop. 
1,500.  The  center  of  the  great  gold  and  silver  belt  of  the 
U.  S.  The  placer  mines  alone  have  produced  $35,000,000  in 
gold.  The  Carter  collection  of  stuffed  animals  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  country.  The  trip  from  Denver  up  Platte 
canon,  through  feouth  Park,  over  the  main  range  and  down 
Mt.  Baldy  is  enchanting.  Good  accommodation  $2  to  $3 
per  day. 

Bricks  of  all  kinds,  pressed  brick,  ornamental  brick, 
paving  brick,  fire  brick,  are  manufactured  from  the  clay 
deposits  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  mountains.  The  value 
of  Denver's  output  in  1898  was  $200,000. 

Brighton,  Arapahoe  Co.  Denver  19  m.,  fare  80  cents. 
Alt.  4,970.  Pop.  500.  On  U.  P.  R.  R.  Farming  and  dairy 
products.  A  favorite  bicycle  ride  from  Denver,  on  the 
road  to  Greeley.     Good  schools,  churches,  etc. 

Brookside,  Fremont  Co.  Alt.  6,000  ft.  Pop.  200.  Coal 
mining. 

Brush,  Morgan  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  R.,  88  m.  N.  E.  of 
Denver,  fare  $3.50.    Pop.  350.    Agriculture. 

Buena  Vista  (meaning  beautiful  view),  Chaffee  Co.,  on 
D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  Colo.  &  So.  and  C.  Md.  Rys.  Denver  135 
m.,  fare  $4.50.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  2,000.  Site  of  State  Re- 
formatory. The  Arkansas  Valley  here  widens  into  a  park- 
like region,  fianked  by  Mts.  Princeton,  Harvard  and  Yale, 
each  over  14,000  ft.  Mineral  springs  beneficial  to  skin  and 
blood  diseases  within  5  m.,  temperature  120  degrees  to  140 
degrees.  Ample  bathing  accommodations  and  good  hotel. 
Trout  fishing  in  vicinity.   "Surrounded  by  rich  agricultural 


18  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

and  mining  lands.  Good  hotels,  $2  to  $3  per  day.  Opera 
house  with  300  seats. 

Buffalo  Creek,  JelTerson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  40 
m.  S.  W.  of  Denver.     Alt.  6,600.     Popular  summer  resort. 

Buffalo  Park,  Jefferson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  S'n.  Ry.,  40  m.  S. 
W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  6,600.  Popular  summer  resort  in 
Platte  canon.  Well  wooded  and  shady,  springs  of  fine 
natural  water,  many  scenic  attractions,  fishing,  mountain 
climbing,  etc.  Good  hotel,  livery,  and  dancing  pavilions. 
I^rge  number  of  pretty  cottages  are  scattered  over  the 
park,  some  owned  and  occupied  by  Denver  people;  others 
rented  during  summer  months.  Good  railroad  accommo- 
dations to  and  from  Denver.  Rates  for  summer,  $1.30  for 
round  trip  commutation  ticket. 

Building  Stone-See  Granite,  Lava,  Marble,  Sandstone, 
Stone. 

Burlington,  county  seat  of  Kit  Carson  Co.,  on  C,  R.  I. 
&  P.  R.  R.  Alt.  3,800.  Pop.  300.  Fare  from  Denver 
$6.65.    Agriculture. 

Business  Opportunities— The  west  is  essentially  the 
young  man's  country.  Energetic  young  men  with  small  cap- 
ital will  find  many  opportunities  in  Colorado  that  are  not 
to  be  found  in  the  east.  Even  those  without  capital  can 
often  secure  financial  backing  if  they  prove  themselves 
comi)etent    and    industrious. 


Cabbage— 140  cars  of  cabbages,  each  containing  24,000 
lbs.,  were  shipped  out  of  the  state  in  1898.  The  value  of 
this  product  was  over  $100,000. 

Camping  Out  is  a  favorite  mode  of  travel  in  Colorado. 
It  is  highly  recommended  to  those  who  w^ould  regain  their 
health,  if  not  too  delicate.  Splendid  camping  grounds  are 
to  be  found  in  most  of  the  canons  and  are  easily  accessible. 
Camping  outfits  may  be  purchased  or  rented,  at  reasonable 
rates,  at  almost  all  the  towns  near  the  mountains.  Camp- 
ing is  the  favorite  method  of  travel  employed  by  hunters 
and  fishers  and  all  who  still  retain  the  nomadic  instincts 
of  the  race.     Read  also  Gordon,  ^'Camping  in  Colorado." 

Canfield,  Boulder  Co.,  on  the  U.  P.  Ry.  Denver  35  m. 
Alt.  5,000  ft.     Pop.  350.     Coal  mining. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  19 

Canon— This  term  is  applied  to  any  narrow  valley  with 
steep  sides,  particularly  if  the  sides  be  topped  with  rocky 
walls.  Many  of  the  canons  are  over  3,000  feeet  deep.  The 
walls,  however,  are  frequently  formed  of  debris,  tipped 
with  rock.  The  magnificent  canons  of  the  Arkansas,  the 
Gunnison,  the  Grand  and  the  Animas  rivers  are  famous 
for  the  grandeur  of  their  scenery.  Las  Animas  canon  is 
also  celebrated  among  archaeologists  for  the  remains  of 
the  clift'  dwellers. 

Canon  City,  county  seat  of  Fremont  Co.,  on  D.  &  K.  G. 
and  Santa  Fe  Rys.,  101  m.  S.  of  Denver,  faie  $5.75.  All. 
5,350  ft.  Fop.  5,000.  Site  of  State  Penitentiary.  It  lies  in 
the  Arkansas  Valley,  surrounded  by  rich  mineral  deposits 
of  all  kinds.  Telephones,  electric  lights,  water  works,  fine 
water  power,  excellent  churches  and  schools,  good  hotels, 
$2.50  to  $3  per  day,  fine  residences,  two  banks,  numerous 
industries,  opera  house  of  000  seats;  several  cold  springs, 
one  of  which  resembles  that  at  A'ichy,  France.  Hot  springs 
at  the  entrance  to  Royal  Gorge,  just  outside  the  town,  with 
bathing  facilities  and  a  hotel.  The  sheltered  location  gives 
it  a  mild  climate,  beneficial  to  all  chest  diseases.  Magnifi- 
cent scenery.  "Fruit  Day"  is  celebrated  every  year;  in  1899 
it  will  be  on  Sept.  15  and  10.  Has  zinc  and  lead  smelter, 
electric  power  plant  furnishing  power  for  Cripple  Creek 
mines.     Dawson,  the  new  mining  camp,   is   7  m.  distant. 

Canon  of  the  Grand— See  Grand  River,  Canon  of  the. 

Canned  Goods  —Canning  factories  are  operated  in  all 
parts  of  the  state.  The  excellence  and  abundance  of  fruits 
make  such  industries  indispensable.  The  value  of  Denver*s 
product  alone  for  1898  was  $250,000. 

Cantaloupes-See  Melons. 

Carbondale,  (Garfield  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  283  m.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $12.  Alt.  6,300  ft.  Pop.  350.  Agriculture  and 
mining.    Trout,  deer,  elk  and  bear  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Cascade,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  C.  Md.  Ry.,  86  m.  S.  of  Denver. 
Alt.  7,500  ft.  Pop.  100.  Fine  summer  resort,  quieter  and 
cooler  than  Manitou.  Splendid  scenery,  fine  climate,  excel- 
lent hotels,  $1.50  to  $3  per  day. 

Castle  Rock,  county  seat  of  Douglas  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
and  Santa  Fe  Rys.,  33  m.  S.  E.  of  Denver,  fare  $1.50.  Alt. 
6,200  ft.  Pop.  350.  One  of  the  prettiest  little  towns  in  the 
state.     It  takes   its  name  from   an   immense  rock,   w^hich 


20 


COLOI^ADO  HAND  BOOK 


rises  nearly  1,000  feet  above  the  valley.  Good  schools,  ex- 
cellent water  works,  low  rate  of  taxation,  good  hotel,  $1.50 
per  day.  Agriculture  and  stock  raising  and  large  stone 
quarries. 


Castle  Rock 

Cattle— See  Packing  House,  Stock  Raising,  Sheep. 

Ceboila,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  309  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $10.05,  summer  round  trip  $16.00.  Alt. 
7,350  ft.  Eight  mineral  springs,  soda  and  iron  springs  for 
kidnej^  and  stomach  troubles,  hot  springs  (108°  F.)  for 
rheumatism,  etc.  Bath  houses  and  hotel.  Scenery  is  pic- 
turesque. Trout,  deer,  rabbits  and  sage  hens  found  in  vi- 
cinity. 

Celery  is  shipped  to  California,  Chicago,  New  York,  New 
Orleans  and  many  other  cities.  Owing  to  the  chemical  con- 
stituents of  the  soil,  Colorado  celery  is  the  finest  in  the 
world,  and  was  so  judged  at  the  World's  Fair.  It  fetches 
high  prices  in  the  eastern  markets;  98,000  bunches,  valued 
at  $29,400,  were  exported  in  1898. 

Central  City  Gilpin  Co.,  on  the  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  40  m.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $1.80.  Alt.  8,500  ft.  Pop.  2,500.  Oldest 
mining  town  in  the  state.  Opera  house,  six  churches,  good 
schools,  hotel,  $2.50  to  $3.00  per  day;  electric  lights,  tele- 
phones, water  works,  etc.  Distributing  point  for  entire 
county.    Mines  produce  $3,000,000  per  year. 

Chaffee  County  is  in  the  center  of  the  state.  Buena  Vista 
Is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $2,200,920. 
It  contains  13,000  acres  of  agricultural  and  58,000  acres  of 
grazing  lands.    The  mineral  output   in    1898   was:     Gold^ 


COLORADO   HAND  BOOK 


21 


Central  City,  on  Colo.  &  Southern  Rv. 


$235,000;  silver,  $31,000;  copper,  $20,000;  lead,  $61,000.  In 
agricultural  products  the  county  is  also  rich.  The  crops 
were:  wheat,  13,000  bu.;  oats,  32,000  bu.,  barley,  2,500  bu.; 
potatoes,  28,500  bu.;  alfalfa  and  grasses,  75,000  tons;  small 
fruits,  8,000  qts.;  butter,  42,000  lbs.;  and  honey,  2,000  lbs. 

Charities— In  most  of  the  larger  cities  Charity  Organiza- 
tions looli  after  the  indigent.  The  State  Board  of  Charities 
and  Corrections  has  control  of  the  state  institutions.  In 
1898  the  Denver  Charity  Organization  expended  $22,636. 

See  also  Hospitals,  insane  Asylum,  Indust  ial  School  Pen- 
itentiary, Reformatory,  Crime. 

Chase,  Park  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  By.,  64  m.  S.  W.of  Denver, 
Alt.  8,400  ft.  Pop.  40.  Splendid  trout  fishing  in  the  Platte 
and  an  artificial  lake.  Good  accommodation  for  summer 
visitors.    Stock  raising. 

Chase  Quich— A  mining  district  in  Gilpin  Co.  Several 
good  paying  properties  being  worked  here. 

Chautauqua  —This  movement  is  widespread  throughout 
the  state.  Circles  are  formed  in  nearly  all  the  towns.  Ev- 
ery summer  the  Rocky  Mountain  Chautauquans  meet  at 
Glen  Park,  near  Palmer  Lake,  where  much  good  work  is 
accomplished.    The  Texas-Colorado  Chautauqua  Assn.  com- 


Seven  Falls, 
Cheyenne  Canon,  near  Colorado  Springs 


COLORADO   HAND  BOOK  23 

menced  in  1898  to  hold  annual  meetings  at  Boulder,  the  site 
of  the  State  University.  It  will  hold  a  six  weeks'  session, 
commencing  July  4,  18U9.  Good  accommodation  in  tents 
and  cottages.  Fees  for  any  six  week  course  $5,  for  half  a 
course  $3,  3  or  more  courses  $10.  The  best  lecturers  have 
been  secured,  including  General  Shafter,  General  Merriam, 
Professor  David  Starr  Jordan  and  Hon.  Lyman  J.  Gage. 

Cheyenne  Canons— Cheyenne  Canons  are  four  miles 
southwest  of  Colorado  Springs,  and  reached  by  carriage  or 
electric  railway.  The  rock  Avails  of  these  gorges  rise  per- 
pendicularly 1,000  to  1,500  feet.  Seven  Falls  and  the  lonely 
grave  of  ''H.  H.,"  are  distinctive  features  of  this  place.  The 
North  Canon  is  public  property.  The  South  Canon  is  owned 
by  individuals  and  a  charge  of  25  cents  is  made  for  ad- 
mission. "Burros"  and  carriages  may  be  rented  at  the  ter- 
minus of  the  electric  road.  The  walk  up  either  of  the  can- 
ons is  not  fatiguing  to  a  robust  person.  Cheyenne  Moun- 
tain, 9,948  ft.  high,  is  on  the  S.  of  the  South  Canon. 

CheyenneCountyis  in  the  E.  part  of  the  state,  in  the  rain 
belt.  The  county  seat  is  Cheyenne  Wells.  The  assessed 
valuation  is  $1,046,771.  It  contains  587,000  acres  of  grazing 
land.  Agriculture  and  stock  raising  are  the  principal  in- 
dustries. 

Cheyenne  Wells,  county  seat  of  Cheyenne  Co.,  on  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.,  177  m.  E.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.10.  Alt.  4,300.  Pop. 
400.  Rainbelt  branch  of  agricultural  experiment  station. 
Stock  raising. 

Chicago  Lakes,  Idaho  Springs,  are  the  highest  bodies  of 
water  on  the  continent.  Alt.  11,600,  11,900  and  13,000  ft. 
Good  camping  ground. 

Chickens—  See  Poultry. 

Churches  are  numerous  throughout  the  state.  In  the  cit- 
ies every  denomination  is  well  represented  and  has  fine 
buildings.  Even  in  the  smallest  towns  a  comfortable  place 
of  Avorship  is  to  be  found.  Denver  has  nearly  150  churches, 
many  of  which  are  fine  pieces  of  architecture.  The  3'ear 
1898  is  remarkable  for  church  debt  raising.  Over  $150,000 
was  paid  on  the  principal  of  the  indebtedness  of  Denver 
churches  during  the  year. 

Cimarron,  Montrose  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  331  m.  S. 
W.    of   Denver,    fare  $11,35.      Summer    round    trip   $18.15, 


24 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Alt.  6,900  ft.    Pop.  200.    Trout,  bear,  elk,  deer  and  mountain 
lion  in  vicinity.    Splendid  scenery. 

Circle  Trip— The  journey  "Around  the  Circle"  is  on  the 
D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  from  Denver  to  Silverton,  Silverton  to 
Ouray  and  return  to  Denver;  or  via  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R,  to 
Durango,  thence  over  the  Rio  Grande  Southern  to  Ridgway 


I  Chippeta   Fails 
CURRECANTI  NEEDLE  [ 
GUNNISON    RIVER  I 


ONE 

THOUSAND 

MILE 

CIRCLE. 


aoNvti  83bawno 

NOllVAa3S3a  NVICWI 


and  return  to  Denver.  Piercing  the  heart  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  crossing  and  recrossing  the  "Great  Divide"  be- 
tween the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  slopes;  penetrating  five  can- 
ons, each  of  which  is  a  world's  wonder,  climbing  4  moun- 
tain passes  by  rail  and  1  by  stage;  achieving  grades  of  211 
feet  to  the  mile;  reaching  heights  of  11,000  feet  above  the 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


25 


VfC*W***#******fXR 


CLEAR  CREEK  COUNTY      | 

MINING  RECORD  1 

FOR  1898  i 

Gold $1,747,922 

Silver 2,033,622 

Lead 190.340 

Copper 87.810 


Total  output  .   .  $4,059,694 


Mother  iiu^  :..... 
Clear  Creek  Canon. 


Mines  sold  .  .  . 
Amount  of  sales  . 
Recorded  new 

locations    .   •   . 
Patents  issued 
Working:  mines  • 
Mill  capacity 

(tons  daily)  .   . 
Miners  employed 


U*:t.*S*t*t9.*^**tJk*Jt*JfS». 


93 
.  $1,905,000 

647 
212 
312 


600 


sea;  penetrating  gorges  whose  walls  soar  a  half  mile  in  per- 
pendicular cliffs  above  tne  track;  traversing  fertile  and 
picturesque  valleys;  passing  through  Indian  reservations 
and  in  sight  of  frontier  cantonments  of  National  troops; 
pausing  in  the  midst  of  mining  camps,  makes  this  the  most 
remarkable  trip  of  1,000  miles  in  the  world. 

Clay  is  found  in  great  variety  along  the  eastern  base  of 
the  mountains.  It  is  principally  used  for  the  manufacture 
of  bricks  (plain  and  ornamental),  tiles,  sewer  pipe  and  as- 
sayers'  supplies.  Kaolin  of  a  fine  quality  is  also  found, 
making  pottery  a  probable  industry  in  the  near  future.  See 
also  Bricks. 

Clear  Creek  Canon— Commences  at  Golden,  16  m.  W.  of 
Denver,  and  extends  up  into  the  mountains  above  George- 
town. The  trip  on  the  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  up  this  canon  and 
over  the  famous  loop  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable.    The 


26 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Cliff  Dwellers'  Ruins,  Southwestern  Colorado 


engineering  feat  of  the  construction  of  the  railroad  appeals 
to  the  most  unimaginative.  The  scenery  is  typical  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  The  Chicago  Lakes  near  Idaho  Springs 
are  the  highest  bodies  of  water  on  the  continent.  The 
Clear  Creek  gold  l>elt  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  the 
state,  having  produced  over  $4,000,000  in  1898. 

Clear  Creek  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state  E. 
of  Jefferson  Co.  Tlie  county  seat  is  Georgetown.  The  as- 
sessed valuation  is  $2,122,922.  It  contains  255,000  acres  of 
agricultural  land.  Its  principal  industry  is  mining.  The 
value  of  its  mineral  products  in  1898  was:  gold,  $1,700,000; 
silver,  $2,000,000;  copper,  $80,000;  lead,  $185,000. 

Clear  Lake,  3V2  miles  from  Georgetown.  It  contains 
California  salmon  and  affords  good  fishing. 

Cliff  Dwellings  are  found  in  the  extreme  S.  W.  part  of 
the  state  in  the  Mancos  Canon  and  the  Montezuma  Valley, 
some  20  miles  S.  of  Mancos  station.  Horses,  guides  and 
equipment  must  be  engaged  at  Mancos.  The  trip  is  of 
great  interest  but  is  expensive  and  difficult.  Read  also 
Haydeu  Rpiiort  of  Geolosrieal  Survpv,  18'4.  i>age  .*^G9:  also 
Nordenskiold  Cliff  Dwellers  of  the  Mesa  Verde. 


COLORADO  HAND  ROOK 


27 


POHTREAINA  o:4OM0. 


DfNVIR   9t07  HOURS 

Grfat  Health  Resorts  op  the  World 

A  comparison  of  hours  of  sunshine 

per  day. 


Clfmate-Tlie  Climate  of  Colorado  is  so  different  from  that 
of  nearly  every  other  region  in  the  world  in  its  sunshine, 
its  dryness,  its  freedom  from  fogs,  its  altitude  and  its  small 
daily  amount  of  wind  that  it  is  of  great  value  for  all  of 
those  human  ailments,  and  they  are  very  many,  which  are 
benefited  by  a  climatic  change.  It  is  eminently  suited  to 
consumptives.  These  climatic  factors  have  done  much 
to  increase  Colorado's  population,  and  especially  of  the  in- 
telligent, cultivated  and  well-to-do  classes.  The  climate 
varies  in  different  locations  and  altitudes.  People  coming 
in  search  of  health  should  be  guided  by  a  competent  phy- 
sician in  the  selection  of  a  location.  See  also  Rain,  Sun- 
shine, Temperature,  Wind,  Weather. 


I  CHIEF  CEREAL  CROPS 

g  Colorado's  chief  cereal  crops 
t  are- 
it  Corn 34  per  cent. 

t  Wheat 36  per  cent. 

S  Oats       "25  per  cent. 

t  Of  total  cereal  area. 


MEAN  TEMPERATURE  I 

CORR     C  f  D  FOR  O-i  VNCSS  ji 

Hottest  part  of  day  in—  2 

July 86.3  I 

October 64.0  3 

December    . 32.3  J 


28  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Climate  Tables— 

TABLE  I —ANNUAL  AVERAGES. 

£          Temperature  -o  *:     t»                     it/, 

S                Mean  E  g     1  .«     ^  S  oiJ 

2              Monthly  a  S     3  c     ^  2  El 

Denver.  .  5,280    24.73    50  27   73    14.4  31°  50    1.89  57  4,980 

Springs^ }^'°^^    ^403    47   26  69    14.4  29°  50    1.84  57  6,663 

Pueblo.    .4,700    25.27    52   29   76    12.0  31°  49    2. 14   53  5,438 

TABLE  II.— SEASONAL  AVERAGES. 

Mean  seasonal    Relative  Absolute        Total  Nigfht 

temperature     humidity  humidity       rainfall    temper- 

percent.  grs.  vapor      inches  ature. 

Winter— Dec,  Jan.,  Feb. 

Denver 30°            54  1.06          1.8  16° 

Colorado  Springs  .     29°            50  094          0.7  17° 

Pueblo 31°            57  1.16          1.4  15° 

Spring — Mar.,  Apr.,  May 

Denver 48°            49  1.88          5.8  33° 

Colorado  Springs  .     49°            46  1.81          45  32° 

Pueblo 51°            45  1.90          3.6  34° 

Summer — ^Jun.,  July,  Aug. 

Denver 70°            46  3.67          45      "55° 

Colorado  Springs  .     67°            50  3.62          7.2  51° 

Pueblo 73°            44  3.87          5.0  56° 

Autumn — Sept.,  Oct.,  Nov. 

Denver 50°            50  2  04          23  38° 

Colorado  Springs  .     48°            54  2.05           20  34° 

Pueblo 52°            50  2.19          1.7  37^ 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

COAL   PRODUCTION^ 


29 


1880 
373.000  T9M5 


1666 
2.165.^77  T9n§' 


1695 
4.000.000  T?ns. 


1898,  4,174.037  TONS 


Climate-Read  also  Denison,  •'Climates  of  the  U.  S.,"  anu 
"Colorado  Health  Resorts,"  Dana,  "Colorado,  Facts  About 
Its  Climate." 

Coal— Most  of  the  park  region  and  the  country  to  the  west 
are  underlain  with  coal  and  salt.  Coal  fields  cover  nearly 
one-third  of  the  state,  beds  being  found  in  many  localities. 
Tlie  products  range  from  lignite  or  brown  coal  to  superior 
bituminous  and  anthracite,  but  it  is  mostly  bituminous. 
While  the  coal  of  Colorado  is  found  in  the  cretaceous  rather  . 
than  in  the  carboniferous  geological  era,  the  great  heat  and 
pressure  to  which  it  has  been  subjected,  makes  it  very  simi- 
lar in  quality  to  that  of  the  carboniferous  period  found  in 


'- AREA  ^^  COAL  LAND5* 

iLunois _. 

n^souRi. 

COLORADO...... 

>OWf\ 

M/K5/?5. 

^/V  V/L 

/'     NSYiV/iliia. 


I        TONS  OF 

I   COAL  PRODUCED  IN 

t  COLORADO 

I    In  1880  ....       463.000 


In  1885 
In  1890 
In  1895  , 
In  1897  . 
In  1898  , 


1,200.000 
2.760,000 
3,570,518 
3,565,640 
4,174.037 


30  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

the  Eastern  States.  In  1898  4,174,037  tons  of  coal  valued 
at  $7,000,000,  was  mined  in  the  state.  The  total  area  of  coal 
lands  is  18,100  square  miles,  8,000  square  miles  more  than 
Pennsylvania.  The  available  coal  is  estimated  at  45,197,- 
100,000  tons,  enough  to  supply  the  entire  world  for  sixty 
years.  There  were  7,425  coal  miners  employed  in  1898. 
Read  also  Lake's  ''Geology  of  Colorado  Coal  Deposits." 

Coal  Creek,  Fremont  Co.,  on  D.  «&  R.  G.  R.  R.,  155  m.  S. 
of  Denver,  fare  $5.50.  Alt.  5,400  ft.  Pop.  400.  Hotel.  Coal 
mining. 

Coke— There  were  445,925  tons  of  coke  produced  in  the 
state  in  1898. 

Colorado  City,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  Colo. 
Mid.  Ry.,  77  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $2.95..  Alt.  6,100  ft.  Pop. 
2,500.  One  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  state,  first  settled  in 
1858.  Was  capital  of  Jefferson  Territory  and  in  1862  capital 
of  Colorado.  Midw^ay  between  Colorado  Springs  and  Mani- 
tou.  Smelter,  railroad  shops,  hotel  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day, 
theater  Avith  500  seats.    See  also  Colorado  Springs,  Manitou. 

Colorado  College, Colorado  Springs.  William  F.  Slocum, 
Prest.  Non-sectarian.  Tuition  $35.  I^iving  expenses  $125 
to  $210.  Endowment,  etc.,  $985,000;  income  '98,  $78,000. 
Library  contains  25,000  vols.  Full  information  on  applica- 
tion to  the  president. 

Colorado  flldland  Railroad  operates  384  m.  of  track  from 
Denver  to  Grand  Junction,  with  a  branch  of  18  m.  to 
Aspen  and  another  of  15  m.  to  Spring  Gulch.  Through 
Pullman  cars  from  Denver  to  Cripple  Creek.  Two  through 
trains  daily  the  whole  length  of  the  line.  Modern  equip- 
ment and  good  roadbed.  Over  some  of  the  most  difficult 
mountain  passes. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  with  headquarters  in  the 
Cooper  Building,  Denver,  operates  all  through  the  state. 
This  road  was  recently  organized  and  operates  the  roads 
formerly  known  as  U.  P.,  D.  &  G.  and  Denver,  Leadville  & 
Gunnison,  in  fact,  all  the  lines  formerly  belonging  to  the 
U.  P.  system  in  the  state,  except  the  Julesburg,  Chej^enne 
and  Ellis,  Kan.,  branches.  It  has  1,141  miles  of  track  and 
rolling  stock  equipped  in  the  finest  manner.  Through  cafe 
cars  from  Denver  to  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

Colorado  Springs,  county  seat  of  El  Paso  Co.,  on  Colo. 
&  So.  R.  and  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  75  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare 


COBURN   LIBRARY. 


Colorado 
College 


Colorado  Springs 
Colo. 


T^ME  OLDEST  INSTITUTION  for  Higher 
^  Education  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  Region, 
and  abreast  of  the  best  Eastern  college.  Has  large 
and  able  faculties,  and  is  drawing  its  students  from 
all  sections  of  the  country.  For  information  con- 
cerning courses  of  study,  college  residences,  library 
facilities,  laboratories,  physical  culture,  etc  ,  etc  ,  etc. 

Address  WIUIAM  F.  SWCUM,  President 

otN.  B    coy.  Principal  of  the  Academy, 

or  RUBIN  GOLDMARK,  Director  of  the  Conservatory  of  Music, 

or  LOUIS  SOUTTER,  Director  of  the  Department  of  Fine  Arts. 


32  COLORADO  HANDJBOOK 

$2.90,  round  trip  $4.50.  Alt.  6,000  ft.  Pop.  25,000.  All- 
year-round  scenic  and  health  resort  and  charming  residence 
city.  Fine  residences,  churches  and  schools.  Hotels  $1.50 
to  $4.00  per  day.  Good  camping  grounds  near.  Two  opera 
houses  with  800  and  2,500  seats,  respectively.  Many  beau- 
tiful rides  and  drives.  Cheyenne  Mountain  and  Canons, 
Garden  of  the  Gods,  Pike's  Peak  and  many  other  interest- 
ing places  within  easy  reach.  Site  of  Colorado  College, 
Deaf  and  Blind  Institute,  Childs-Drexel  Printers'  Home. 
Flower  day  is  celebrated  every  summer.  The  surrounding 
country  is  rich  in  mineral  and  agricultural  products.  The 
mining  exchange  is  the  most  important  in  the  U.  S.  It  is 
the  distributing  point  for  Cripple  Creek  and  the  entire 
Pike's  Peak  region.  Read  also  Buckman  "Colorado 
Springs,"  Gardiner  &  McClurg  "Colorado  Springs  as  a 
Health  Resort." 

Como,  Park  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  88  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver,  fare  $4.55.  Alt.  9,800.  Pop.  500.  Railroad  and 
mining  interests. 

Conejos,  county  seat  of  Conejos  Co.,  329  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver  and  1  m.  N.  of  Antonito,  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R. 
Alt.  7,850  ft.     Pop.  400. 

Conejos  County  is  in  the  S.  pari  of  the  state,  W.  of  the 
Rio  Grande.  Conejos  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed 
valuation  is  $1,751,819.  Agriculture  and  sheep  raising  are 
its  principal  industries,  $50,000  worth  of  cattle  were  ship- 
ped out  of  the  county  in  1898.  Wheat  and  oat  crop  amount- 
ed to  500,000  bushels  and  the  hay  crop  was  20,000  tons. 
There  are  255,000  acres  of  agricultural  land  in  the  county. 
Its  mineral  output  for  1898  was  $10,490. 

Confectionery  to  the  value  of  $525,()00  was  made  in  Den- 
ver in  1898. 

Constitution  —See  Government. 

Copper  is  mined  near  Buena  Vista,  Canon  City  and  San 
Miguel;  also  at  various  points  in  Jefferson,  Gilpin  and  Clear 
Creek  counties.  The  output  for  1898  was  nearlj^  11,000,000 
lbs.,  valued  at  $1,000,000. 

Copper  Rock,  Boulder  Co.,  on  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  40  m.  N. 
W.  of  Denver.    Alt.  7,260  ft.    Pop.  200.    Mining. 

Cortez,  county  seat  of  Montezuma  Co.,  493  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver  and  12  m.  N.  E.  of  Dolores,  the  nearest  railroad 
point    Pop.  500.    Agriculture. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


33 


Cost  of  Living— See  living  expenses. 

Costilla  County  is  in  the  S.  of  the  state,  E.  of  the  Rio 
Grande.  San  Luis  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valua- 
tion is  $1,230,545.  It  has  158,000  acres  of  agricultural  and 
778,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  The  wheat  crop  in  1898  was 
425,000  bushels  and  the  hay  crop  was  20,000  tons.  There 
are  5,500  cattle  and  15,800  sheep  in  the  county.  Its  mineral 
output  in  1898  was  $5,000. 

Cotopaxi,  Fremont  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  193  m.  S.  of 
Denver;  fare  $6.00.    Alt.  6,400  ft.    Pop.  100. 

Cotton  nills  —Denver  cotton  mills  produced  nearly  10,- 


34  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

000,000  yards  of  cloth,  valued  at  $365,000,  and  expended 
$125,000  in  wages  in  1898. 

Cottonwood  Hot  Springs,  5  m.  from  Buena  Vista,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  daily  stages.  The  springs  were 
famous  among  the  Indians  and  are  especially  beneficial  in 
cases  of  inflammatory  rheumatism,  lead  poisoning  and 
blood  diseases.  Good  trout  fishing  and  hunting.  Lovely 
scenery.    Comfortable  hotel. 

Cottonwood  Lake,  12  m.  S.  W.  of  Buena  Vista,  on  South 
Cottonwood  creek.  Fine  fishing.  Good  scenery.  No  hotel, 
but  accommodation  may  be  had  in  the  cabins  around.  Wild 
small  fruit  grows  in  abundance. 

Cows— See  dairy  products,  stock  raising. 

Crackers  to  the  value  of  $400,000  were  manufactured  in 
Denver  in  1898. 

Creameries— See  dairy  products. 

Creede,  county  seat  of  Mineral  Co.,  on  the  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  321  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $15.20.  Alt.  9,000  ft. 
Pop.  1,200.  It  lies  in  a  gulch  2  m.  long  and  400  ft.  to  1/2  m. 
wide.  New  but  prosperous  mining  camp.  Electric  lights, 
fire  department,  etc.  Opera  house  with  400  seats.  Hotel 
$2.00  per  day.    Picturesque  scenery. 

Crested  Butte,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  318  m. 
S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $10.60.  Alt.  8,875  ft.  Pop.  1,000. 
Rich  gold,  silver  and  coal  mines  in  vicinity.  The  Elk 
mountains  afford  splendid  scenery.  Abundance  of  trout, 
bear,  elk  and  deer.  Good  churches  and  schools.  Hotel 
$2.00  per  day.     Opera  house  with  250  seats. 

Crime  is  gradually  diminishing  throughout  the  state. 
Marked  improvement  has  been  made  in  late  years  in  bring- 
ing persons  accused  of  crime  to  a  speedy  trial.  The  insti- 
tution of  the  State  Reformatory  has  helped  to  make  the 
occasional  criminal  a  good  citizen.  See  also  Industrial 
School,  Home  for  Girls,  Penitentiary,  Reformatory. 

Cripple  Creek,  county  seat  of  Teller  Co.,  on  Md.  Term, 
and  F.  &  C.  C.  Rys.  and  Canon  City  Electric  Railway,  131 
m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $5.75,  round  trip  $10.25.  Alt.  9,396. 
Pop.  20,000.  One  of  the  most  famous  mining  camps  In  the 
world.  It  has  produced  since  1891  over  $43,000,000  in  gold. 
The  output  is  increasing  steadily,  that  for  '98  being  over 
$15,700,000.  Area  of  gold  district,  40  sq.  miles.  Most  im- 
portant mines,  Independence,  Anaconda,  Anchoria-Leland, 


o 
u 
> 


THE  GREATEST  PROCESS  ON  EARTH! 

The  New  and  Improved  Cyanide  Process 


Scientific 
Chemical 

five  Years  Success 
DeiD  methods 

Mill  Rights  Granted 
and  Mills  Erected 
with  Guarantee  of 
Working  Success- 
fully   and    Profit- 
ably. 

Unassailable  United 
States  Patents 
granted. 

Cheap 

Simple 

Effective 

Combination 
Treatment 

on  each  lot  of  ore. 

Higher  Extraction, 
Shorter  Time  and 
Less  Cost  for 
Chemicals  than 
any  other  process. 

Past  Cyanide 

COPYRIGHT. 

Failures  followed 
up  by  Success 
and  Profits. 

Ulisipall-Trank 

Process 

Many  Testimonials 
on  file. 

"I  have  used  the  Dioxide-Cyanide  Process  in  my  mining  operations  in  Nevada 
By  its  use  I  am  enabled  at  a  minimum  cost  to  save  95  per  cent,  of  the  gold  and 
80  per  cent  of  the  silver;  in  chlorination  all  silver  is  lost.  I  am  now  treating  by 
the  process  on  an  average  of  70  tons  daily,  and  by  1st  of  May  will  be  treating  200 
tons  daily,  and  1  am  satisfied  that  it  is  the  best  chemical  process  heretofore  sug- 
gested."— Capt.  J.  R.  De  Lamar,  April  20,  i8g6. 

"The  addition  of  Dioxide  of  Sodium  materially  increases  the  solubility  of  the 
gold  in  cyanide  of  potassium  solutions;  that  is,  a  higher  extraction  at  a  less  cost 
for  chemicals  consumed  when  your  process  is  used."— /Vo/.  Nicolai  Anderson, 
Ex-Chief  Chemist,  MacArthur-Forrest  Proctss,  June  6,  i8g6. 

WE  ARE  CONSTANTLY  IN  THE  MARKET  FOR    GOOD    MINES    ANO   TAILING    DUMPS. 

Write  for  literature  with  copies  in  full  of  splendid  testimonial  letters.  Address 

T.  L.  WISWALL,  Genl.  Manager. 

TESTING  WORKS  AND  LABORATORY  SUITE  NO.  833  TO  835 

No.  1908  CURTIS  ST.  EQUITABLE   BUILDING 

DENVCR,    COLO. 

Many  samples  of  ore  received  for  testing  from  all  sections,  including  Mexico, 
Central  America  and  British  America. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


37 


Elkton,  Isabella,  Lillie,  Moon-Anchor,  Pharmacist,  Port- 
land, Raven,  Union  and  Victor.  Opera  house  with  800 
seats.    Fine  hotels,  $3.00  per  day  upwards. 

Crystal  Lake,  Jefferson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  43  m. 
S.  of  Denver  in  Platte  Canon.  Alt.  G,900  ft.  A  beautiful 
and  favorite  summer  resort.  Good  camping.  Summer  cot- 
tages at  reasonable  rates. 

Cucharas,  Huerfano  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  170  m.  from 
Denver.    Alt.  5,942  ft.    Pop.  200.    Duck  in  vicinity. 

Culeha  Rans:e  is  a  continuation  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo 
Range.  Culeha  Peak,  14,079  ft..  Las  Animas  Co.,  nearest 
point,  Trinidad.  Trinchera,  13,611  ft..  Las  Animas  Co., 
nearest  point,  Trinidad.  Spanish  Peak,  13,718  ft..  Las  Ani- 
mas Co.,  nearest  point,  Trinidad. 

Curecanti,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  323  m. 

Custer  County  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  E.  of  the 
from  Denver.  Ait.  7,075  ft.  View  point  of  Curecanti  Needle. 
Sangre  de  Cristo  Range.  Silver  Cliff  is  the  county  seat. 
The  assessed  valuation  is  $625,474.  The  mineral  output  in 
1898  was  $14,000.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  nickel,  iron 
and  marble  are  found  in  abundance,  but  transportation  is 
poor.  The  grain  crop  for  1898  was  upwards  of  70,000 
bushels.  About  15,000  head  of  cattle  graze  in  the  county. 
The  coal  fields  of  the  county  cover  an  area  of  over  8,200 
acres. 

Cyanide  process  was  introduced  in  1890.  It  is  now  one 
of  the  most  important  factors  in  the  treatment  of  low  grade 
and  refractory  gold  and  silver  ores.  The  improved  dioxide 
cyanide  process  was  introduced  in  1895.     These  processes 

5  CLIMATE  § 

5       Colorado's  mean  annual  tem-  ? 

g    perature,    at    elevation   beiween  j| 

t   4.000   and   6,000   feet,   is    the  t 

t   same  as   that  of  Maryland  and  2 

g   Virginia,  Northern  Spain,  South-  « 

g   ern     France,     Northern     Italy,  5 

S   Southern       Turkey -in -Europe,  S 

J   Northern  Japan,  Central  Califor-  ? 

]»   nia  on  the  Coast.  | 


I        CRIPPLE  CREEK  GOLD 


38 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


enable  low  grade  mines  to  become  paying  properties. 
Numerous  cyanide  mills  are  established  in  the  Cripple 
Creek  district  and  throughout  the  state.  The  U.  S.  Mint 
is  constantly  buying  the  output  of  these  mills. 


Dairy  Products -Creameries  and  cheese  factories  through- 
out the  state  have  often  more  local  orders  than  they  can 
supply.  There  are  not  a  sufficient  number  of  milch  cows 
to  supply  the  home  market  with  dairy  products.  Butter 
sells  the  year  round  for  nearly  25  cents  per  pound.  There 
are  125  creameries  in  the  state  and  60,000  milch  cows,  of 
which  40,000  furnish  material  for  the  creameries  and  20,000 
milk  and  cream  for  the  table.  The  dairy  product  of  the 
state  for  1898  was  $5,000,000. 

Deaf -See  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind. 

Death  Rateof  Denver  is  11.55  per  thousand.  This  includes 
deaths  from  consumption  contracted  elsewhere.  If  this 
item  were  excluded  the  rate  would  be  9.5  per  1,000,  lower 
than  in  any  other  city  of  its  size  in  the  United  States,  if 
not  in  the  world. 

Debt— The  net  indebtedness  of  the  state  is  about  $2,500,- 
000,  about  $5  per  capita. 


5  DEBT  ON  REAL  ESTATE         1 

S  EAST   AND    WEST  S 


Percentage  of  Debt  In  force  on  all 
taxed  real  estate  in  proportion 
to  value 
Montana.     4.78 


Colorado  13.08 
Utah  .  .  6.48 
Nevada  .  4.59 
Idaho   .    .     4.29 


i: 

*jt  »ff  ffffff  ♦♦tftffttttf  ft 


Average  6.64 


N.Hamps.  12.12 
Vermont.  22.05 
Rhode  Is.  11.02 
New  York  30.62 
Pennsyl.  17.16 
Average  18.73 


PER  CAPITA  DEBT  J 


CAST  AND   WEST 

Per  capita  of  total  debt — State, 

County,  Municipal  and 

School 


Montana  $19.54 
Colorado  18.67 
Utah  .  .81 

Nevada  .  22.48 
Idaho  .  .  7.05 
Average  $13.71 


N.Hamp.$21.64 
Vermont  11.39 
Rhode  Is.  37.75 
New  York  33.64 
Pennsyl.   13.51 


Average  $27.58   S 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


39 


De  Beque,  Mesa  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  C.  Mid.  Rys., 
351  m.  VV.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.00.  Alt.  4,900  ft.  Pop. 
250.  Trout  in  Mesa  lake  20  m.  distant,  deer  in  abundance. 
Agriculture. 

Del  Norte,  county  seat  of  Rio  Grande  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  281  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.90.  Alt.  7,880  ft.  Pop. 
1,200.  Situated  on  Rio  Grande  river  where  it  emerges  from 
the  mountains.  It  lies  between  the  agricultural  and  mining 
districts.  Shaw's  Magnetic  Springs  with  bathing  and  hotel 
accommodations  are  5  m.  distant.  Trout,  chub  and  suck- 
ers; antelope,  bear,  deer,  elk,  grouse  and  quail  are  found 
close  by.  Electric  lights,  water  works,  etc.  Splendid 
schools  and  churches.  Hotel  $2.00  per  day.  Opera  house 
with  250  seats.     Splendid  scenery. 

Delta»  county  seat  of  Delta  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  374 
m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.50.    Alt.  5,000  ft.    Pop.  1,200. 


State  Capitol  Denver 


I 

LYONS  &  JOHNSON 

Real  Estate  and  Investment 
Brokers 

BUSINESS  ESTABLISHED   1882 

The  Care  and  Management  of 
Property  for  Non-Residents,^,^ 
Improved  and  Unimproved  Real 
Estate  For  Sale  and  For  Rent  ,^ 

1025   17th  Street 

luglt  ,st.  1032  15th  Street 

DENVER,   COLO. 


LOANS  AND                                     TBLEPHONE^^^ 
FIRE  INSURANCE  «5i>-^ 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


41 


Situated  on  the  Gunnison  river,  surrounded  by  fine  fruit 
lands.  Trout,  bear,  deer,  elk  and  mountain  lion  are  found 
in  the  vicinity.    Scenery,  grand. 

Delta  County  is  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state.  The  county 
seat  is  Delta.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $1,109,055.  The 
county  contains  70,000  acres  of  agricultural  and  32,000 
acres  of  grazing  land.  It  has  15,000  acres  of  orchards, 
planted  with  240,000  trees.  It  is  one  of  the  best  fruit- 
growing counties  in  the  state,  the  fruit  crop  in  1898  being 
worth  about  $300,000.  Over  $100,000  worth  of  cattle  were 
shipped  out  of  the  county  in  1898.  Other  branches  of 
agriculture  were  also  successful. 

Denver,  county  seat  of  Arapahoe  Co.,  capital  and  most 
important  city  in  the  state.  Alt.  5,200  ft.  (1  mile).  Pop. 
160,000.  Beautifully  situated  on  the  S.  Platte,  15  m.  E. 
of  the  mountains,  commanding  a  magnificent  view  of  nearly 
175  m.  of  mountains,  including  Pike's,  Long's  and  many 
other  noted  peaks.  Climate  particularly  serene  and  health- 
ful makes  it  a  noted  resort  for  pulmonary  invalids.    Death 


THE  OXrOPD  HOTEL,  Denver 

OXFORD   HOTEL  CO. 

J.  W.  TEN   EYCK  C.    H.   MORSE 

H.  A.  TRIPLETT  MANAGER 


-"'  S!  ""Iff ' 


MODERATE 
PRICES 


THE  BROWN  PALACE  HOTEL 


...DENVER... 


-■^■---•-y-  r;  "gj^TOiw^iftiftrr 


ABSOLUTELY    FIREPROOF. 


COLORADO'S  MOST 
FAMOUS  HOSTELRY ' 


Located  in  Denver.  Ten  stories  high; 
,  constructed  of  dressed  brown  stone, 
granite,  iron  and  steel;  finished  In  onyx, 
copper  and  hardwood;  has  a  frontage  of 
810  feet  on  three  avenues;  contains  more  than  400  guest  chambers  and  is  as 
thoroughly  and  harmoniously  furnished  as  modern  hotel  management  can  conceive 
or  execute.  Has  its  own  artesian  wells,  is  heated  throughout  with  steam,  has  fine 
passenger  elevators,  and  is  passed  by  two  street  car  lines  leading  to  Union  Depot 
and  principal  parks  and  resorts.  No  inside  rooms;  magnificent  mountain  view. 
American  plan,  rates  $3.00  to  $5.00  per  day;  European,  $1.50  per  day  and 
upward.  THE  BROWN  HOTEL  GO. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


43 


Tabor  Grand  Opera  House.  Denver 


rate  1898,  11.55  per  1,000,  or,  exclusive  of  deaths  from  con- 
sumption contracted  elsewhere,  9.5  per  1,000.  The  streets  are 
wide,  shady  and  well  paved.  The  residences  and  public 
buildings  are  stately,  handsome  and  substantial.  It  has 
over  60  churches,  many  of  which  are  very  handsome.  Four 
opera  houses  with  a  total  seating  capacity  of  5,100.  Public 
library  of  75,000  vols.  Excellent  public  and  private  schools 
and  site  of  Denver  University.  The  state  capitol,  383  feet 
long  and  313  ft.  wide,  is  built  of  Colorado  granite.  The 
city  hall,  county  court  house,  U.  S.  court  house  and  post- 
office,  high  school  and  the  new  branch  mint  now  in  course 
of  consti*uction,  are  worthy  of  attention.  The  Boston, 
Cooper,  Equitable,  Ernest  &  Cranmer  and  Kittredge  build- 
ings, the  Masonic  Temple  and  the  Mining  Exchange  are 
very  fine  oflSce  buildings.  Excellent  water  supply.  Fine 
electric  and  cable  car  service.  7  railroads.  It  is  the 
main  center  for  all  industries  of  the  state.  Value  of  manu- 
factured articles,  exclusive  of  smelters,   1898,  $21,000,000. 


Street  Scene  in  Denver. 

Looking  up  Seventeenth  Street  from  Arapahoe,  showing  Banl<,'Ouincy_and 
Ernest  &  CranmerlBlocl<s  and  Boston  and^Equitable  Buildings.|__ 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  45 

Output  of  smelters  1,898  $31,000,000.  Denver  is  destined 
the  greatest  city  between  Chicago  and  San  Francisco.  Good 
hotels  $1.00  to  $6.00  per  day.  Read  also  "Denver  by  Pen 
and  Picture,"  '"Harper's  Guide  to  Denver,"  Stone's  "Den- 
ver and  Its  Outings,"  "A  Western  Town  Called  Denver." 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  was  incorporated  Oct.  27, 

1870.  The  first  track  was  laid  from  Denver  on  July  27, 

1871,  and  the  line  was  completed  to  Colorado  Springs  by 
October  21st.  Other  branches  were  pushed  rapidly  for- 
ward and  did  much  to  develop  the  resources  of  the  state. 
To-day  this  road  operates  over  2,000  m.  of  track  which 
crosses  the  Continental  Divide  in  five  different  places.  Al- 
most insurmountable  obstacles  have  been  overcome.  The 
road  presents  the  most  remarkable  engineering  feats.  Ten 
miles  of  the  track  cost  $1,400,000,  some  of  the  most  ex- 
pensive road  in  the  U.  S.  On  account  of  the  grandeur  of 
the  scenery  along  the  road  it  has  well  been  called  the 
Scenic  Route.  ^ 

Denver  University,  at  University  Paik,  incorporated  5 
March,  '64.  Wm.  F.  McDowell,  chancellor.  Under  Metho- 
dist control.  Full  college  course  for  men  and  women.  Full 
particulars  on  application  to  the  chancellor. 

Dillon,  Summit  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.,  313  m.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  8,800  ft.  Pop.  250. 
Tl'out  in  vicinity  and  all  kinds  of  game  within  40  m. 

Divide.  El  Paso  Co.,  on  C.  Mid.,  124  m.  S.  of  Denver. 
Alt.  9,100  ft.     Pop.  100. 

Divide,  The,  is  situated  in  Elbert,  Douglas  and  N.  W.  of 
El  Paso  counties.  It  is  a  stretch  of  country  nearly  100 
B.  and  W.  and  from  25  to  50  m.  from  N.  to  S.  It  separates 
the  basins  of  the  Platte  and  Arkansas  rivers.  It  is  devoted 
principally  to  agriculture  and  stock  raising. 

Dolores,  Montezuma  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  481  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fai'e  $20.90.  Alt.  6,700  ft.  Pop.  300.  Bear, 
deer  and  grouse  in  vicinity.     Agriculture. 

Dolores  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  state.  Rico 
is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $466,284. 
The  mining  output  in  1898  was  $200,000.  There  are  2,745 
acres  of  agricultural  land  in  the  county. 

Dome  Rock,  Jefferson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  32  m.  S. 
of  Denver,  in  Platte  canon.    Alt.  6,200  ft.    A  favorite  sum- 


46 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Dome  Rock,  Platte  Canon 
on  Colorado  and  Southern  Railway. 


mer  resort.  Good  scenery.  Camping  grounds.  Summer 
cottages  at  reasonable  rates. 

Douglas  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state,  to  the 
S.  of  Denver.  Castle  Rock  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed 
valuation  is  $1,853,256.  It  contains  19,000  acres  of  agricul- 
tural and  323,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  It  is  situated  in 
the  rain  belt  and  farming  is  conducted  without  irrigation. 
The  dairy  and  poultry  products  in  1898  were  worth  $155,- 
000  and  nearly  $100,000  worth  of  live  stock  was  sold  in  the 
same  year.  Building  stone  to  the  value  of  $6,000  was 
quarried  near  Castle  Rock  in  1898.  Coal  is  also  known  to 
exist  in  the  county,  but  has  not  yet  been  developed. 

Doyleville,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  271  m. 
S.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  100.  Hacks  run  to 
Waunita  Hot     Springs,     beneficial     to     rheumatism     and 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  47 

Bright's  disease.  Good  hotel  and  bathing  facilities. 
Scenery  and  climate  exceptional. 

Drills-See  Rock  Drills. 

Dumont,  Cleai-  Creek  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  43  m.  W. 
of  Denver.    Alt.  8,000  ft.    Pop.  100.    Mining. 

Duran go, county  seat  of  La  Plata  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and 
R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  502  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $20.90.     Alt. 


DURANGO 

6,500  ft.  Pop.  6,500.  Main  distributing  point  for  the  S. 
W.  It  has  3  banks,  smelter,  flour  mills;  fine  churches, 
schools,  residences;  electric  lights,  telephones,  electric  cars, 
paid  fire  department,  etc.  Good  hotels  $2.00  to  $3.00  per 
day.    Opera  house  with  325  seats.    The  surrounding  coun- 


48  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

try  is  rich  in  gold,  silver  and  coal.  Excellent  scenery  and 
climate.  Center  of  fine  fruit,  agricultural  and  stock  grow- 
ing district.  Ships  large  quantities  of  fruit,  coal,  lumber, 
etc. 


Eagle,  Eagle  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  335  m.  W.  of  Den- 
ver, fare  $10.00.  Alt.  6,600  ft.  Trout,  deer,  bear,  grouse 
and  rabbits  in  vicinity.     Good  hunting  and  scenery. 

Eagle  County  is  in  the  central  portion  of  the  state  N.  W. 
of  Leadville.  The  county  seat  is  Red  Clift".  The  assessed 
valuation  is  $1,173,381.  It  contains  12,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural and  33,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  Its  main  in- 
dustries are  mining,  stock  raising  and  timber.  Over  12,000 
head  of  cattle  find  pasture  here.  The  value  of  the  minerals 
in  1898  was:     Gold  $36,000,  silver  $27,000,  lead  $41,000. 

Eagle  River  Canon  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  opens  to  the 
view  at  first  a  comparatively  wide  expanse.  Later  on  it  is 
more  narrow,  walled  in  by  vari-colored  rocks  whose  lofty 
summits  are  clothed  in  pine.  Perched  high  on  the  cliffs, 
2,000  feet  above  the  railroad,  is  perched  the  mining  town  of 
Gilman.  Mining  methods  in  use  here  are  very  interesting. 
The  ore  is  conveyed  to  the  track  by  an  ingenious  system 
of  endless  steel  ropes. 

Eden  Park  is  in  a  depression  between  Bear  Creek  and 
Turkey  Creek  canons.  It  is  most  easily  reached  by  team 
from  Morrison,  a  distance  of  2  miles.  It  is  but  little  known 
but  is  a  good  example  of  a  mountain  park  and  is  less  than 
20  miles  from  Denver.  It  is  well  watered  with  natural 
springs.  Alt.  7,600  ft.  From  the  foothills,  9,000  ft.  high, 
a  fine  view  of  the  plains  is  seen. 

Education  is  carefully  conducted.  The  Denver  schools 
are  the  best  in  the  country.  $21  is  the  average  expenditure 
per  pupil  in  the  state.  The  average  expenditure  in  the 
U.  S.  is  $12.  Graded  schools  are  found  in  all  parts,  high 
schools  in  all  the  larger  towns.  The  state  institutions  ai'e 
University  at  Boulder,  School  of  Mines  at  Golden,  Agricul- 
tural College  at  Fort  Collins,  Normal  School  at  Greeley, 
School  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind  at  Colorado  Springs,  Indus- 
trial School  for  Boys  at  Golden  and  for  Girls  at  Aurora. 
There  are  many  private  schools  of  high  character,   such 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


49 


The  Portals— Canon  of  the  Grand  River 
on  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R. 

as  Colorado  College,  Jesuit  College,  Jarvis  Hall,  Wolfe 
Hall,  Denver  University.  The  school  population  is  135,000 
and  the  average  attendance  is  95  per  cent.  Over  3,000 
teachers  are  employed.  See  also  under  the  name  of  each 
institution,  also  Chautauqua,  Libraries.  Read  also  Reports 
of  State  Supt.  of  Public  Instruction  and  Proceedings  of 
State  Teachers'  Ass'n. 

Eggs— See  Poultry. 

Elaterite -See  Roofing  Materials. 

Elbert  County  is  S.  of  Arapahoe  and  E.  of  Douglas 
counties  and  is  situated  in  the  rain  belt.  The  county  seat 
is  Kiowa.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $1,857,856.  It  con- 
tains nearly  600,000  acres  of  agricultural  land.  Its  prin- 
cipal industries  are  agriculture  and  stock  raising.  Over 
10,000  cattle  and  3,000  horses  are  grazing  in  the  county.    • 


so  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Eldora,  Boulder  Co.,  53  m.  N.  W.  of  Denver  and  10  m.  S. 
W.  of  Sunset,  the  nearest  railroad  point.  New  and  flourish- 
ing gold  mining  camp.  Pop.  1,500.  Good  acocmmodation. 
Reached  by  stage  from  Sunset  or  Boulder. 

Elevators-There  are  32  elevators,  with  a  capacity  of 
2,500,000  bushels,  in  Colorado.    See  also  Wheat. 

Elk  Mountain  or  Aspen  Group— This  range  is  a  great 
semicircle  of  mountains  in  Pitkin  county,  with  Aspen  in 
the  center  and  with  spurs  running  into  the  adjoining  county 
of  Gunnison.  Sopris  Peak,  12,823  ft,  Pitkin  Co.,  nearest 
point,  Carbondale.  Capitol  Peak,  13,997  ft.,  Pitkin  Co., 
nearest  point,  Aspen.  Snow  Mass,  13,978  ft.,  Pitkin  Co., 
nearest  point,  Aspen.  Maroon  Peak,  14,008  ft.,  Pitkin  Co., 
nearest  point.  Aspen.  Pyramid  Peak,  13,885  ft.,  Pitkin 
Co.,  nearest  point,  Aspen.  Castle  Peak,  14,115  ft.,  Pitkin 
Co.,. nearest  point.  Aspen.  White  Back,  13,327  ft.,  Gunni- 
son Co.,  nearest  point.  Crested  Butte.  Teocalli  Peak,  13,113 
ft.,  Gunnison  Co.,  nearest  point.  Crested  Butte.  Grizzly, 
13,956  ft.,  Pitkin  Co.,  nearest  point,  Aspen.  Italian  Peak, 
13,350  ft.,  Gunnison  Co.,  nearest  point.  Crested  Butte. 
White  Rock,  13,357  ft.,  Pitkin  Co.,  nearest  point,  Aspen. 
West  Elk  Mountains— West  Elk  Peak,  13,102  ft.,  Gunnison 
Co.,  nearest  point,  Gunnison. 

Elk  Park  is  <xi  timber  line,  9  m.  above  Georgetown.  It 
is  surrounded  with  evergreens  and  flowers  which  grow 
almost  amidst  the  snow. 

El  floro,  Las  Animas  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.,  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 
R.  Rs.  and  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  206  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.95. 
Alt.  5,900  ft.     Pop.  400.    Climate  exceptional. 

El  Paso  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state.  Colo- 
rado Springs  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation 
is  $15,564,130.  It  contains  58,000  acres  of  agricultural  and 
460,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  .  The  W.  part  of  the  county 
is  the  richest  gold  field  in  the  world,  containing  the  Cripple 
Creek  and  Pike's  Peak  gold  districts.  It  produced  over 
$16,000,000  worth  of  gold  in  1898.  Agriculture  is  conducted 
without  irrigation  in  the  E.  part  of  the  county.  Garden 
truck  is  grown  near  Colorado  Springs. 

Empire,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  46  m.  W. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  8,500  ft.  Pop.  500.  It  lies  on  the  S. 
branch  of  Clear  creek,  in  the  center  of  a  rich  mining  dist- 
rict.   Schools,  churches,  fire  department.    Excellent  water 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  51 

power     Several  mills  and  reduction  plants.    Fine  scenery. 

Erie,  Weld  Co.,  on  U.  P.  and  B.  &  M.  Rys.,  20  m.  N.  of 
Denver,  fare  $1.00,  round  trip  $1.35.  Alt.  5,000  ft.  Pop. 
800.    Coal  mining. 

Estes  Park,  Larimer  Co.,  68  m.  N.  W.  of  Denver.  Daily 
stages  in  summer  from  Lyons  (20  m.)  and  Loveland  (30  m.) 
Alt.  7,500  ft.  Pop.  150.  A  beautiful  and  secluded  summer 
resort.  Two  mineral  springs  58°  F.  Good  accommodation 
in  farm  houses  $1.50  to  $2.(X)  per  day.  The  park  is  10  m. 
long  and  4  to  6  m.  wide.  Long's  Peak  towers  at  one  end. 
A  number  of  low  hills  form  beautiful  side  valleys  and 
glens.    Climate  equable,  very  little  wind.    Good  fishing. 

Evans,  Weld  Co.,  on  U.  P.  R.  R.,  48  m.  N.  of  Denver.  Alt. 
4,600  ft.     Pop.  500.     Agriculture. 

Evans  Peak,  (14,321  ft.)  in  the  Front  Range,  Clear  Creek 
Co.,  35  m.  W.  and  8  m.  S.  of  Denver,  is  the  second  in  prom- 
inence as  seen  from  the  plains.  Named  after  ex-Governor 
Evans.  Formerly  called  Mount  Rosa.  Ascended  in  1863 
by  Wm.  N.  Byers  and  Bierstadt.  The  latter  there  got  his 
inspiration  for  his  picture  "Storm  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains" on  this  peak.  See  also  Hayden's  Report  1874,  pp. 
147-150  for  full  description. 

Everjrreen,.Tefferson  Co.,  25  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver.  Pop. 
200.  The  drive  up  Bear  Creek  Canon  from  Morrison  (11  m.) 
by  stage  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  within  easy  reach 
of  Denver.    A  pleasant  and  secluded  summer  resort. 

Evergreen  Lakes,  on  the  E.  side  of  Mt.  Massive,  6  m.  S. 
W.  of  Leadville,  is  one  of  the  most  pleasant  summer  re- 
sorts. The  lakes  are  natural  bodies' of  water  improved  by 
man.  Good  boating  and  trout  fishing.  A  branch  of  the 
national  fish  hatchery  is  located  here.  There  is  a  good 
hotel  with  a  large  dancing  hall.     Alt.  10,500  ft. 

Express— The  following  express  companies  operate  in  the 
state:  The  D.  &  R.  G.  Express  Co.  over  the  lines  of  the 
D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  R.  G.  So.  R.,  Florence  &  Cripple  Creek  R. 
R.  and  the  Silverton  R.  R.,  the  Wells,  Fargo  Express  Co. 
over  the  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.,  Colo.  Md.  R.,  Colo.  &  So.  Ry. 
and  Md.  Term.  R.,  the  Pacific  Express  Co.  over  the  Mo. 
Pac.  R.  and  the  U.  P.  Ry.,  the  Adams  Express  Co.  over 
the  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  R.  and  the  United  States  Express  Co. 
over  the  R.  I.  R.     Packages  may  be  sent  to  or  from  any 


OS 


."-^^# 


o 
u 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  53 

point  on  a  railroad  and  most  of  the  points  on  stage  lines. 
Rates  are  in  proportion  to  railroad  fare. 

F 

Fairplay,  county  seat  of  Park  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry., 
115  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $5.45.  Alt.  9,900  ft.  Pop.  500. 
One  of  the  oldest  mining  towns  in  the  state.  Fine  scenery. 
Good  trout  fishing. 

Farming— See  Agriculture. 


S  2  ^  * 

t  nADMc     ^    8    FARMS  AND  FARM  PRODUCTS  IN    j 


FARMS 


i    t  COLORADO 


t        Total  acres  S    J  ^89°  ^    «    census  «( 

g      improved  land:  J    g   Number  of  farms 16,v389  5 

t  2    !»  Acres  in  farms,  improved  and  un-  « 

I  1870  .        96.000  i    t      improved 4.589,941  | 

E  1880  .     616,000  I    I  Valuation  of  land   improvements  S 

t  1890     1  824  000  2    t      and  live  stock    .   .       $110,358,040  | 

1  1897;2;000;000  1    f  Value  of  farm  products   ...    $13,1.^6,810  5 

2  25  Value  per  capita  of  total  population  $31  ^ 


t 


:S 


Festival  of  riounlain  and  Plain— The  fifth  annual  festival 
will  be  held  in  Denver  in  the  last  week  in  September,  1899. 
Modeled  on  the  Mardi  Gras  festival  plan,  this  has  sprung 
into  great  favor.  A  horse  show  and  state  fair  will  be 
added  to  the  various  parades,  masking  and  general  merri- 
ment. 

Fishing -^'^ountain  trout  are  found  in  all  the  streams 
except  the  North  Platte  and  its  tributaries,  and  the  streams 
upon  which  stamp  mills  have  been  established;  also  in  most 
of  the  lakes.  The  streams  flowing  westward  are  more 
plentifully  supplied  than  those  on  the  E.  of  the  range.  The 
best  ground  is  that  most  diflScult  of  access.  Blue  and  yel- 
low catfish  and  German  carp  are  raised  in  the  hatcheries. 
They  are  found  in  private  lakes  and  in  a  few  streams.  The 
streams  and  lakes  are  constantly  restocked  from  the  state 
and  national  hatcheries.  Open  season  for  all  fish  June  1st 
to  Nov.  1st.  No  fish  under  8  inches  must  be  taken  and  no 
game  fish  may  be  bought  or  sold.    Read  also  France  "With 


54  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  * 

Rod  and  Line  in  Colo.  Waters,"  **Trouting  in  Colo.  Waters." 


Trout  Fishing 

Fire  Clay  products  are  shipped  to  all  Pacific  coast  points. 
Value  of  Denver's  output  1898,  $300,000. 

Fish  Hatcheries  —The  state  hatchery,  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  fish  commissioner,  is  located  near  Denver, 
with  branch  hatcheries  at  Twin  Lakes  and  Gunnison.  The 
national  branch  hatchei*y,  under  the  control  of  the  U.  S. 
Fish  Commission,  is  at  Evergreen  Lake,  near  Leadville. 
From  these  hatcheries  the  streams  and  lakes  are  being 
constantly  replenished. 

Florence,  Fremont  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.,  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  and 
Florence  and  Cripple  Creek  R.  Rs.,  150  m.  S.  of  Denver. 
Alt.  5,200  ft.  Pop.  4,500.  The  only  point  between  the 
Mississippi  and  the  Pacific  where  petroleum  is  successfully 
produced.  Center  of  rich  oil,  coal  and  gas  fields.  Large  re- 
duction plants.  It  lies  on  the  Arkansas  river  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  agricultural  and  fruit  lands  and  good  scenery. 
Trout,  bass,  bear,  deer  and  antelope  in  vicinity.  Good 
hotels  $1.50  to  $3.00  per  day.  Has  opera  house  with  500 
seats,  electric  lights,  telephone,  pretty  residences,  on©  daily 
and  two  weekly  newspapers,  excellent  water  works,  schools, 
railroad  shops,  etc.     See  also  Petroleum. 

Florence  &  Cripple  Creek  Railroad  operates  40  m.  of  track 
from  Florence  to  Cripple  Creek,    The  headquarters  of  the 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


55 


company  are  in  the  Equitable  Bldg.,  Denver.  Capital  stock, 
$1,000,000.     See  also  Golden  Circle  R.  R. 

Flour— There  are  50  flour  mills  in  Colorado  capable  of 
manufacturing  2,000,000  barrels  per  annum.  Flour  is  being 
shipped  throughout  the  entire  Southeast.  It  is  cheaper  in 
Colorado  than  in  any  other  state. 

Flowers-There  are  more  than  3,000 species  of  wild  flowers 
in  Colorado.  Floriculture  is  carried  on  in  the  larger  cities. 
Denver  alone  has  over  220,000  square  feet  of  greenhouses. 
Cut  flowers  command  good  prices  the  year  around.  A 
flower  carnival  is  held  in  Colorado  Springs  each  summer. 
Read  also  Eastwood  *'Flora  of  Denver,"  Budrow  "Useful 
Plants  of  Colorado,"  Porter  and  Coulter  "Flora  of  Colo- 
rado," and  Thayer  "Wild  Flowers  of  Colorado." 

Forests  are  confined  to  the  mountain  slopes,  which  they 
sometimes  cover  to  the  height  of  12,000  ft.  The  trees  are 
mostly  pines,  firs,  cedars,  hemlocks,  spruces  and  other  coni- 


Car  Load  of  Columbines  (Colorado's  State  Flower) 
Gathered  at  Trout  Lake  on  Rio  Grande  Southern  Railroad 


56 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


TIMBER  RESERVATIONS! 
IN  COLORADO 

ACRES 

1.  White  River 
plateau  reserve,  1,239,040 

2.  South  Platte 
forest  reserve,      683,520 

3.  Battlement 
Mesa  reserve,      858,240 

4.  Plum  Creek 
reserve  ....     179,200 

5.  Pike's  Peak 
reserve  .  .   .   .     184.320 

Total  in  Colorado  3,144,320 

fers.  Lumber  to  the  value  of  $2,500,000  was  cut  in  1898. 
Colorado  lumber  is  mostly  used  for  railroad  ties  and  rough 
work.  Building  lumber  is  largely  brought  from  other 
states. 

Fort  Collins,  county  seat  of  Larimer  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So. 
Ry.,  77  m.  N."  of  Denver.  Alt.  5,000  ft.  Pop.  3,000.  One 
of  the  most  prosperous  cities  in  Northern  Colorado.  Site  of 
State  Agricultural  College.  Rich  farming  country.  Good 
hotels  $2.00  per  day. 

Fort  Logan,  Arapahoe  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  10  m. 
S.  of  Denver,  fare  20c,  round  trip  25c.  Alt.  5,400  ft.  Pop. 
1,000.    TJ.  S.  military  post.    Duck  shooting  within  3  m., 

Fort  Morgan,  county  seat  of  Morgan  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  and 
U.  P.  Rys.,  69  m.  N.  E.  of  Denver.  Alt.  3,500  ft.  Pop.  1,200. 
Agriculture  and  stock  raising. 

Fountain,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  and  D.  &  R.  G. 
and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  Rs.,  88  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $3.05. 
Alt.  5,600  ft.     Pop.  300. 

Freeland,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  5  m.  W.  of  Idaho  Springs.  Alt. 
9,000  ft.  Pop.  400.  Prosperous  mining  camp.  Good  scenery. 
Daily  mails. 

Free  Hasons— See  Masons. 

Fremont  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state,  S.  W. 
of  El  Paso  Co.  Canon  City  is  the  county  seat.  The  as- 
sessed valuation  is  $4,143,108.  It  contains  47,000  acres  of 
agricultural,  113,000  acres  of  grazing  and  20,000  acres  of 
coal  lands.     It  produced  $17,000  worth  of  gold  and  $1,000 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


57 


worth  of  silver  in  1898.  It  has  7,000  acres  of  orchards, 
planted  with  30,000  trees.  Fruit  of  all  kinds  is  grown  in 
abundance.     Petroleum   is   found  near  Florence. 

Fremont  Pass  (11,545  ft),  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  290 
m.  from  Denver,  is  the  highest  point  in  the  world  reached 
by  a  railroad.  From  summit  the  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross 
may  be  seen  in  all  its  grandeur.  The  extensive  view  over  a 
rolling  mass  of  vapor,  illuminated  by  many  colored  lights, 
is  one  never  to  be  forgotten. 

Front  Range— From  Lulu  Pass  to  Canon  City  in  the 
transverse  valley  of  the  Arkansas.  This  range  divides 
Grand  Co.  from  Boulder  Co.,  passed  through  Gilpin  Co., 
Clear  Creek  Co.  and  Park  Co.,  and  ends  in  Fremont  Co. 
Long's  Peak,  14,271  ft.,  Boulder  Co.,  nearest  point,  Boul- 
der. Audubon,  13,173  ft.,  Boulder  Co.,  nearest  point.  Sun- 
set.   Arapahoe,  13,520  ft.,  Boulder  Co.,  nearest  point.  Sun- 


4\-.yt^'.-^^tiy.X 


Map  of  Colorado  showing  principal  mountain 
chains  and  peaks 


set.  James  Peak,  13,283  ft,  Gilpin  Co.,  nearest  point,  Cen- 
tral City.  Perry's  Peak,  13,133  ft.,  Gilpin  Co.,  nearest  point, 
Central  City.  Mount  Flora,  12,873  ft.,  Gilpin  Co.,  nearest 
point.  Central  City.  Torrey's  Peak,  14,336  ft..  Clear  Creek 
Co.,  nearest  point,  Georgetown.  Gray's  Peak,  14,441  ft.. 
Clear  Greek  Co.,  nearest  point,  Georgetown.    Evans  Peak, 


58 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


14,321  ft.,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  nearest  point,  Georgetown.  Mt. 
Rosalie,  14,340  ft,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  nearest  point,  George- 
town.  Bison  Peak,  12,446  ft,  Park  Co.,  nearest  point, 
Georgetown. 

Fruit  is  grown  extensively  in  Colorado.  The  most  pro- 
ductive sections  are  along  the  Arkansas  valley  and  in  the 
W.  and  S.  W.  portions  of  the  state.  The  fruit  is  of  excep- 
tionally fine  flavor  and  quality  and  created  intense  interest 
at  the  World's  Fair  and  the  Omaha  Exposition.  Melons 
from  Rocky  Ford  and  peaches  from  Grand  Junction  are  in 
much  demand  in  the  East  and  are  now  shipped  to  Europe. 
The  available  fruit  land  covers  890,000  acres,  of  which 
42,000  acres  are  now  bearing.  81,000  acres  are  planted  in 
apples,  23,000  in  stone  fruits,  6,000  acres  in  pears  and  8,000 
in  small  fruits.  Much  good  fruit  land  is  still  open  for 
settlement.     The  value  of  the  fruit  crop  in  1898  was  over 


FARM  FACTS 

1898 

Area  of  Colorado, 
acres 66,000,000  3 

Miles  of  ditches  •  12,000 

Cost  of  ditches   .   $50,000,000 

Land  under  irriga- 
tion, acres  .    .    .        4,000,000 

Land  under  culti- 
vation,  acres   .        2,000,000 

Average  annual 
cost  of  water  per 
acre      .       ...  79c 


PUBLIC  LANDS   IN  | 

COLORADO  2 

There  have    been   granted  to  ? 

the  State:  acres       3 

For  support  of  Com- 
mon Schools  .   .   . 

For  University  .   .    . 

For  Agricultural  Col 
lege 

For  Public  and  State 
Buildings    ....         64,000 


3  715,555 
46,080 


90,000 


t 
t 
t 


FRUIT   LANDS 


1882 200  acres  of  orchards 

1895 65,000  acres  of  orchards  ard  vineyards 

Value  of  fruit  crop  for  1898 $6,000,000 

Value  of  improved '.fruit  land $150  to  $300  per  acre 

Acres  of  fruit  lands-in  the  Fall  of  1898 118,752  acres 

Many  thousands  of  acres  still  open  for  settlement  at  nominal  price. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


59 


$5,500,000.  The  State  Board  of  Horticulture  at  Denver 
does  much  to  encourage  the  mdustry  and  will  furnish 
further  information  upon  request.  See  also  under  the  name 
of  each  fruit.  Read  also  reports  of  State  Board  of  Horti- 
culture. 

Fruit— ^See  also  Fruit  Gardening. 

Fruita,  Mesa  Co.,  on  R.  G.  W.  R.  R.,  435  m.  W.  of  Den- 
ver. Alt.  4,500  ft  Pop.  250.  Good  churches  and  school. 
One  of  the  best  fruit  districts  in  the  state.  Has  a  bounti- 
ful supply  of  coal.     Deer  30  m.  to  the  N. 


Fruit  Growing  in  Colorado 


60 


COL<)RADO  HAND  BOOK 


Q 

Game  -  Colorado  is  the  sportsman's  paradise.  Wild  game 
is  abundant,  large  and  small— deer,  elk,  antelope,  bear  and 
mountain  lion.  On  the  plains  rabbit  shooting  and  coyote 
coursing  afford  sport  in  the  winter.  Ducks,  geese,  grouse 
and  quail  are  plenty,  and  the  streams  and  lakes  abound  in 
trout  and  bass.     See  also  Fish. 


Wild  Game  In  Colorado 

Game  Laws— Trout  may  be  caught  with  hook  and  line 
June  1  to  November  1;  20  pounds  limit  per  man  per  day— 
none  less  than  8  inches.  Doves  may  be  killed  July  15  to 
Sept.  30.     Ducks  and  geese,  Sept.  1  to  April  15.     Grouse, 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


61 


prairie  chicken,  wild  turkey,  Aug.  15  to  Nov.  1.  No  open 
season  on  Mongolian  pheasant,  ptai'migan  or  quail.  No 
insectivorous  or  song  birds  at  any  time.  Deer  and  ante- 
lope with  horns  may  be  killed  Aug.  15  to  Nov.  5  for 
horned  animals  only.  No  open  season  on  bison  or  moun- 
tain sheep.  Elk,  Oct.  25  to  Nov.  5  for  homed  animals 
only.  Bear,  mountain  lion  and  wolves  may  be  killed  the 
year  round,  not  protected.  No  trapping  or  netting  of 
water  fowl.  No  selling  of  any  fish,  bird  or  animal  as  men- 
tioned. No  nets  or  explosives  to  be  used  for  fish. 
Gardening— See  Truck  Gardening. 


(jateway  to  Garden  of  the  Gods— .Manitou 


Garden  of  the  Gods,  reached  by  carriages  or  burros  from 
Colorado  Springs  or  Manitou.  It  is  a  small  park,  sur- 
rounded by  high  precipitous  rocks  of  white  and  red  sand- 
stone, carved  by  erosion  into  many  strange  mimetic  forms, 
resembling  the  figures  of  birds  and  beasts,  of  men  and 
women  and  of  strange  freaks  of  architecture.  The  whole 
suggests  the  ruins  of  a  vast  temple  once  the  sacred  shrine 
of  long  buried  gods. 

Garfield  County  is  in  the  W.  of  the  state.  Glenwood 
Springs  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $2,- 
082,539.  It  contains  17,000  acres  of  agricultural,  98,000 
acres  of  grazing  and  3,400  acres  of  coal  lands.  It  pro- 
duced $675,00C>  worth  of  coal  and  over  100,000  tons  of  coke 
in  1898.  Agriculture  is  making  great  strides  in  the  county, 
owing  to  the  development  of  the  irrigation  system. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  63 

Garfield,  Costilla  Co.,  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  226 
m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $9.65.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  200.  Trout, 
antelope  and  deer  in  vicinity.    Gold  mining. 

(iaro,  Park  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  105  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver.  Alt.  9,200  ft.  Pop.  50.  Hartzel  Springs,  180°  F., 
8  m.  S.,  has  good  bathing  and  hotel  accommodations. 

Geography-Colorado  lies  between  the  37th  and  41st  de- 
grees of  latitude  and  the  102d  and  109th  degrees. of  longi- 
tude. It  measures  390  n^,  from  E.  to  W.  and  270  m.  from  N. 
to  S.  Its  area  is  103,925  sq.  m.,  and  is  fifth  largest  state  in 
the  Union.  It  has  3  great  physical  divisions.  In  the  E.  are 
the  great  plains,  in  the  Middle  the  park  division,  in  which 
are  the  loftiest  summits  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  in 
the  W.  are  large  plateaux  with  lofty  mountain  chains.  See 
also  Climate,  Forests,  Mountains,  Rivers,  etc. 

Geology -The  state  presents  almost  every  variety  of  geo- 
logical formation.  The  mountaius,  once  islands  in  a  pri- 
meval sea,  have  been  raised  up  by  the  crumbling  of  the 
earth's  surface  and  by  volcanic  action,  thus  tipping  the 
strata  into  oblique  and  vertical  positions  and  sometimes 
twisting  them  in  a  peculiar  manner.  Erosion  has  exposed 
the  formations  so  that  they  are  easily  examined  and  has 
carved  the  rocks  into  many  curious  and  grotesque  forms. 
Many  of  the  sedimentary  rocks  are  extremely  rich  In  fos- 
sils and  minerals  in  great  variety.  Many  of  them  furnish 
excellent  building  and  ornamental  stone.  See  also  Clay, 
Gold,  Silver,  Stone,  etc.  Read  also  Hayden's  Report  of 
Geological  Survey  1873,  '74,  '75  and  atlas  Geolog.  Survey 
"Monograph  on  Denver  Basin,"  also  ''Geology  of  Cripple 
Creek'*  and  "Geology  of  Leadville,"  Cannon's  "Geology  of 
Denver"  and  "Geology  of  Palmer  Lake,  Lake's  "Geology 
of  Colorado  Ore  Deposits"  and  "Geology  of  Colorado  Coal 
Deposits." 

Georgetown, county  seat  of  Clear  Creek  Co.,  on  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.,  50  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $2.35,  round  trip  $3.70. 
Alt.  8,475  ft.  Pop.  3,000.  Electric  lights,  water  works,  etc. 
Fine  schools  and  churches.  Hotels  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day. 
Mining  and  all  lines  of  trade.  Fine  scenery.  The  Loop  is 
just  above  the  town.  Splendid  mountain  climbing  on  sur- 
rounding mountains.  The  trip  from  Denver  up  Clear  Creek 
Canon  and  over  the  Loop  is  not  to  be  missed.  The  round 
trip  may  be  accomplished  in  a  day,  but  several  days  may 


64  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

protitably   be   speut  on   it.     Daily   stage   to   Hot   Sulphur 
Springs  and  Grand  Lake.     See  also  Grays  Peak  and  Loop. 
Qillett,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  Md.  Term.  R.  R.,  132  m.   S.  of 
Denver.    Pop.  900.    Mining. 

t  THE  LITTLE  COUNTY  OF  GILPIN  5 

S    Has  produced  since  1859  over  $80,000,000  in  g:old,  which  was  up  to   S 
g    1898,  more  than  60  per  cent,  of  the  total  production  of  the  State.  «j 

Gilpin  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state,  W.  of 
Jefferson  and  S.  of  Boulder  counties.  Central  City  is  the 
county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $1,910,479.  It  con- 
tains nearly  20,000  acres  of  agricultural  land.  The  mineral 
output  for  1898  Avas,  gold  $2,400,000,  silver  $52,000,  copper 
$56,000,  lead  $20,000. 

Glen  Park,  El  Paso  Co.,  53  m.  S.  of  Denver,  1/2  m.  from 
Palmer  Lake,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R  Rs.  Colo- 
rado Chautauqua  meets  here  every  summer.  A  quiet  and 
beautiful  summer  resort.     Bass  and  trout  in  vicinity. 


Swimming  Pool  at  Glenwood  Springs 

Qlenwood  Springs,  county  seat  of  Garfield  Co.,  on  D.  & 
R.  G.  and  Colo.  Mid.  R.  Rs.,  367  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare 
$12.    Alt.  5,750  ft.    Pop.  1,500.    One  of  the  best  health  re- 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  65 

sorts  in  the  U.  S.  Superb  scenery.  Numerous  hot  mineral 
springs  especially  good  for  blood  diseases,  gout,  rheuma- 
tism, lead  poisoning,  catarrh,  etc.  Splendid  bathing  pool 
over  an  acre  in  extent  filled  with  mineral  water  from  a 
spring  of  120°  F.,  but  cooled  to  90°  by  cold  water.  Open  air 
bathing  the  year  around.  Many  remarkable  caves  filled 
with  hot  sulphur  vapor.  Colorado  Hotel  is  the  finest  resort 
hotel  in  the  U.  S.  $4.00  to  $5.00  per  day.  Hotel  Glenwood 
$2.50  to  $3.50.  Best  fishing  and  hunting  in  the  state.  Trout 
and  game  of  all  kinds  within  reach  by  pack  horses.  Opera 
house  with  600  seats.  Excellent  public  schools,  five 
churches,  hospital,  telephone,  electric  lights,  coke  ovens  at 
Cardiff,  3  miles  distant,  coal  mines  near.  Splendid  agri- 
cultural and  fruit  section  contiguous. 


(Jqld  PRODUCT 

1656         <Sr2.OOO.OOO 


IG67         -Cal^-O^^-^^^ 

_,, LI5.500.000 

1695 

1897  $21,147,046 

1898  $25,725,000 

Gold  is  confined  to  the  rocks  of  no  one  age  or  formation. 
The  chief  gold-producing  counties  are  Gilpin,  Boulder,  San 
Miguel,  El  Pkso,  Teller,  Clear  Creek  and  Lake.  The  first  gold 
vein  discovered  in  Colorado  was  the  Gregory,  at  Black 
Hawk  (May,  1859),  in  Gilpin  Co.  This  county  has  from 
the  beginning  been  the  leading  gold  mining  section  of  the 


66 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


state,  and  is  to-day  as  prosperous  and  productive  as  at  any 
time  since  1800.  The  deepest  mines  of  tlie  state  are  in 
tliis  district.  During  tlie  past  few  years  tlie  Ivuown  pro- 
ductive area  has  been  extended  around  Blacli  Hawk,  Cen- 
tral City  and  Nevadaville  by  the  discoveries  which  have 
been  made  at  Yankee  Hill,  Pine  Creek  and  Elk  Park.  The 
value  of  the  gold  mined  in  the  state  in  1898  was  about 
$25,725,000. 


%^^G9LDRCGI0N5 


:^^--5ILVERRE6l?n5. 


Golden,  county  seat  of  Jefferson  Co.,  15  m.  W.  of  Denver 
on  Colo.  &  So.  and  Denver,  Lakewood  &  Golden  Rys.  Alt. 
5,650  ft.  Pop.  3,000.  Kite  of  State  School  of  Mines  and 
Industrial  School  for  Boys.  Formerly  capital  of  the  terri- 
tory. Splendid  schools,  good  churches.  Hotel  $2.00  to 
$3.00  per  day.  Agriculture,  coal  mining,  brick  making  and 
brewing.  Situated  at  the  base  of  the  foothills,  in  Clear 
Creek  Canon.     Good  scenery. 

Golden  Circle  Railroad  operates  6  m.  of  track  from  Victor 
to  Vista  Grande.     Headquarters,  Equitable  Bldg.,  Denver. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


67 


MILLIONS 
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PR?0l/C7l<?n  or  G9L0  and  SUVtR   1870^01895  •«    DOLLARS 

Gold  Silver-**----- 


Capital  stock,  $150,000.  See  also  Florence  &  Cripple  Creek 
R.  R. 

Ooldfield,  Teller  Co.,  187  m.  S.  of  Denver  on  Md.  Term, 
and  Florence  &  Cripple  Creek  R.  Rs.  Pop.  1,500.  Rich 
gold  mining  district. 

Government  — The  constitution  is  largely  copied  from 
that  of  Illinois.  The  legislative  department,  called  the  Gen- 
eral Assemblj^  consists  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives. It  meets  biennially,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in 
January,  in  odd  years.     The  session  is  limited  to  90  days. 


68 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


CuRECANTi  Needle  Royal  Gorge  and  Hanging  Bridg 

on  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R. 


Senators  are  elected  for  4  years  and  representatives  for  2. 
There  are  35  senators  and  65  representatives.  Tlae  former 
are  elected  by  districts,  the  latter  by  counties.  The  execu- 
tive department  includes  a  governor,  lieutenant  governor, 
secretary  of  state,  auditor,  treasurer,  attorney  general  and 
superintendent  of  public  instruction,  all  elected  for  2  years. 
The  judicial  department  comprises  a  supreme  court,  a  court 
of  appeals,  district  courts,  county  courts  and  justices' 
courts.  The  state  has  2  senator  and  2  representatives  in 
Congress  and  4  votes  in  the  Electoral  College.  Women 
have  the  same  right  to  vote  as  men.  See  also  state  officers 
and  under  the  names  of  each  state  institution.  Read  also 
Hatch  "Civil  Government  of  Colorado"  and  Young  "Govern- 
ment of  the  People  of  Colorado." 

Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas  is  the  crowning  scenic  won- 
der of  the  state.    Situated  between  Canon  City  and  Salida, 


COLORADO  HAND  ROOK 


69 


it  is  easy  of  access  from  Denver  and  Pueblo.  The  narrow- 
est portion  of  the  canon  Is  known  as  Royal  Gorge.  The 
D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  has  accomplished  the  almost  impossible 
in  building  its  road  beside  the  river.  The  granite  cliffs, 
smooth  and  unbroken,  rise  1,000  feet  above  the  track,  and 
occasional  pinnacles  soar  thrice  that  distance  skyward. 
The  river,  sombre  and  swift,  breaks  the  awful  stillness  with 
its  roar.  Man  becomes  dwarfed  and  dumb  in  the  sublime 
scene  and  nature  exhibits  the  power  she  possesses.  Be- 
yond the  gorge  the  train  passes  the  peaks  of  Sange  de 
Oristo  and  on  to  Leadville,  Tennessee  Pass  and  the  Mount 
of  the  Holy  Cross. 


Grand  River  Canon 
on  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R. 

Grand  County  is  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state.  Hot  Sulphur 
Springs  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $307,- 
747.  It  contains  51,000  acres  of  agricultural  land.  It  pro- 
duced $2,000  worth  of  gold  in  1898.  Most  of  the  land  is 
still  open  for  settlement.  In  1898  the  hay  crop  amounted  to 
14,000  tons  and  $40,000  worth  of  cattle  were  raised  in  the 
county.  The  celebrated  Middle  Park,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
the  county,  affords  splendid  pasture  for  herds  of  cattle. 


70  COLORADO  HAND  B  jOK  j 

Grand  Junction,  county  seat  of  Mesa  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
and  C.  Mid.  Ry.,  Rio  Grande  Western  and  Little  Book 
Cliff  Rys.,  3^  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $15.00  Alt.  4,500  ft. 
Pop.  5,000.  It  lies  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand  and  Gun- 
nison rivers  in  Grand  Valley,  surrounded  by  rich  fruit 
lands.  Gas,  electric  lights,  water  works,  etc.  l^lne 
churches  and  schools.  Hotels  $2.50  to  $3.00  per  day. 
Theater  with  700  seats.  Rich  deposits  of  minerals  in  vi- 
cinity. Climate  exceptionally  mild.  Scenery  very  fine. 
Termini  of  five  railroads.     Beet  sugar  factory. 

Grand  Lake,  Grand  Co.,  110  m.  N.  W.  of  Denver  and  58 
m.  N.  of  Georgetown,  the  nearest  railroad.  Daily  stage  in 
summer.  Alt.  8,400  ft.  Pop.  lOO.  It  is  in  Middle  Park, 
at  the  head  of  Cheyenne  Canon.  The  lake  is  the  largest 
in  the  state,  3  m.  long  by  2  m.  wide.  Fine  fishing.  Summer 
cottages,  etc.     A  beautiful  and  secluded  summer  resort. 

Grand  River,  Canon  of  the,  is  approached  through  the 
valley  of  the  Eagle,  by  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  It  is  greater 
in  extent  and  more  varied  in  character  than  the  Grand 
Canon  of  the  Arkansas.    The  rock-piled  structures  on  every 


ZEPH.  CHAS.   FELT 

Real  Estate 

Real  Estate  Loans 

Grand  Junction  Fruit  Lands 

M 

201  Boston  Building  DENVER,  COLO. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  71 

hand  are  not  made  up  of  boulders,  nor  are  they  solid  mono- 
liths. They  are  columns,  bastions,  buttresses,  pyramids, 
towers  and  even  statues  of  stratified  rocks,  presenting  the 
appearance  of  gigantic  masonry.  Fui-ther  on  the  scene 
changes  and  the  rocks  dazzle  the  spectator  with  their 
glowing  colors,  w^here  vermilliou,  maroon,  green  and  yel- 
low delight  the  eye  and  almost  confuse  the  mind  with 
their  beauty. 

Grand  Valley  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile 
places  in  the  state.  It  is  situated  along  the  Grand  river 
around  Grand  Junction.    50,000  acres  of  land  here  are  under 


Colorado  Behh 

irrigation  and  over  onethird  of  this  is  now  cultivated.  The 
soil  is  a  rich,  sandy  loam.  Land  is  offered  rent  free  this 
year  to  raise  sugar  beets.  5,000  acres  are  already  planted 
in  orchards  and  the  crop  of  fruit  of  all  kinds  is  of  grow- 
ing importance.  Vegetables  and  small  fruit  yield  from 
$50  to  $150  per  acre.  Water  cost  not  more  than  $1.50  per 
acre.  Hay  averages  $5  to  $8  per  acre.  Immigration  is 
much  desired.  Full  information  may  be  had  on  application 
to  the  Grand  Junction-  Business  Men's  Association. 


72  COLORADOIHAND  BOOK 


The  Man  Who  Said:  "Go  West" 
and  who  started  the  Greeley  Colony 

Qraneros,  Pueblo  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  146  m.  from 
Denver.     Alt.  5,804  ft. 

Granite  is  found  all  along  the  foothills.  It  is  of  very  fine 
quality  and  of  great  variety— blue,  gray,  pink,  purple, 
mottled,  etc.  It  lies  in  even  strata  and  is  easily  quarried. 
Over  $245,000  worth  was  shipped  for  government  buildings 
in  Omaha  and  Kansas  City.  The  state  capitol  and  U.  S. 
Mint  are  built  of  Colorado  granite.  The  supply  is  practi- 
cally inexhaustible. 

Qranite.  Chaffee  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  Colo.  Mid. 
Ry.,  259  m.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  8,940  ft.  Pop.  300.  Min- 
ing.   Trout  in  Twin  Lakes  6  m.  away. 

Cray's  Peak  (14,411  ft.),  in  Clear  Creek  Co.,  is  reached 
from  Graymont  on  the  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  It  is  fifth  in  order 
of  height,  but  is  very  accessible.  The  ascent  forms  a 
fitting  sequel  to  the  trip  over  the  Loop. 

Greeley,  county  seat  of  Weld  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  and 
U.  P.  R.  R.,  52  m.  N.  of  Denver,  fare  $3.70,  round  trip  $3.70. 
Alt.  4,640  ft.  Pop.  4,000.  Site  of  State  Normal  School. 
Founded  1870  by  *'Union  Colony"  with  Horace  Greeley  as 
treasurer.  One  of  the  richest  agricultural  districts,  re- 
sembling New  England  in  scenery.  Good  schools,  churches 
and  public  library.  Hotels  $1.00  to  $3.00  per  day.  Fine 
bicycle  road  from  Denver.  There  and  back  is  the  favorite 
"century"  run.     Potato  day  is  celebrated  every  fall. 

Green  Lake  is  3  m.  S.  E.  of  Georgetown.  Trees  can  be 
seen  75  ft.  below  the  surface,  where  they  once  grew.  The 
water  is  icy  cold  but  speckled  trout  abound.    The  surround- 


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74  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

iug  scenery  is  grand  and  beautiful.  There  Is  a  good  sum- 
mer hotel  for  tourists  on  its  banks. 

Ureen  riountain  Falls,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  C.  Mid.  Ry.,  90 
m.  S.  of  Denver.  Alt.  7,730  ft.  Beautiful  summer  resoi-t, 
lying  sheltered  in  a  natui-al  park.  Hotel  $2.00  per  day. 
Cottages  and  tents  at  reasonable  rates. 

Greenland,  Douglas  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 
R.  Rs.,  47  m.  from  Denver  and  8  m.  from  Castle  Rock.  AJt. 
6,920  ft.     Pop.  25. 

Qunnison,  county  seat  of  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.  and  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  290  m.  S.  ^V.  of  Denver,  fare 
$8.95.  Alt.  7,680  ft.  Pop.  2,500.  Good  schools,  churches, 
etc.  Hotels  $3  to  $4  per  day.  Center  of  a  rich  mining 
district.  Agricultural  products  for  home  market.  Branch 
State  Fish  Hatchery.  Splendid  trout  fishing.  Bear,  deer, 
elk,   ducks,  rabbits  and  sage   hens  in   vicinity. 

Gunnison  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state. 
Gunnison  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $1,- 
919,072.  It  contains  30,000  acres  of  agricultural,  39,000 
acres  of  grazing  and  11,000  acres  of  agricultural  land.  It  is 
very  rich  in  all  mineral  resources  and  the  agricultural  land 
is  exceptionally  fertile.  30,000  tons  of  hay  were  cut  in 
1898  and  17,000  head  of  cattle  find  pasturage.  The  value 
of  the  mineral  output  in  1898  was:  Gold  $48,000,  silver 
$64,000,  copper  $117,000,  lead  $76,000.  The  county  lies 
largely  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  high  and  picturesque 
mountain  ranges.  It  is  well  watered  by  mountain  streams, 
which  abound  in  trout. 

Qunnison  River— See  Black  Canon. 

Gypsum,  Eagle  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  342  m.  W.  of 
Denver,  fare  $12.00  Alt.  6,350  ft.  Pop.  50.  Trout,  bear, 
deer  and  elk  in  vicinity. 

H 

Hahn's  Peak,  county  seat  of  Routt  Co.,  130  m.  S.  of 
Rawlins,  Wyo.,  the  most  convenient  railroad  point.  Pop. 
100. 

Harness— See  Saddles. 

Hartsel,  Park  Co.,  on  C.  Mid.  Ry.,  143  m.  S.  W.  of  Den- 
ver. Alt.  8,800  ft.  Pop.  50.  Mineral  springs  180°  F.  Daily 
stages  to  Garo  and  Balfour. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  75 

Hay— The  crop  in  1898  was  over  $2,000,000.  75  per  cent, 
of  this  is  fed  to  cattle  in  tlie  state.    See  also  Alfalfa. 

Hayden,  Koutt  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  200  m.  N.  W.  of 
Denver.     Alt.  7,500  ft.     Agriculture  and  stock  raising. 

Health— Colorado  is  the  healthiest  place  in  the  world. 
The  high  altitude  and  rai-efied  air  makes  it  the  Mecca  of  all 
afflicted  with  pulmonary  and  throat  troubles.  The  dryness 
prevents  the  propagation  of  disease  germs.  The  electricity 
in  the  air  revitalizes  the  constitution.  The  sanitary  con- 
ditions are  being  much  improved  and  the  spread  of  disease 
is  being  marvelously  restricted  by  the  wise  action  of  the 
Board  of  Health.  See  also  Climate,  Weather,  Rainfall, 
Sunshine,  Death  Rate. 

Hesperus,  La  Plata  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  523  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $20.90.  Alt.  6,000  ft.  Pop.  200.  Mining. 
Trout,  deer,  bear,  grouse  and  quail  in  vicinity 

Hidcs-In  1898  35,000  di*y  and  75,000  green  hides,  valued 
at  $500,000,  were  shipped  from  the  state. 

Hinsdale  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  state.  Lake 
City  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $430,635. 
It  contains  1,700  acres  of  agricultural  land.  The  value  of 
its  mineral  product  in  1898  was:  Gold  $186,000,  silver 
$154,000,  copiDer  $900,  lead  $196,000.  The  county  is  very 
mountainous  and  the  scenery  is  beautiful.  It  is,  however, 
almost  undeveloped,  there  being  only  9  miles  of  railroad. 

Historical  Society -Tliis  society  has  a  very  valuable  col- 
lection of  all  pertaining  to  the  history  and  natural  history 
of  the  state.  It  is  in  the  state  capitol  and  open  to  all 
visitors.  It  is  of  particular  interest  to  ethnologists,  con- 
taining a  valuable  collection  of  objects  from  cliff  dwellings, 
etc. 

History-The  W.  half  of  the  state  was  part  of  the  Mexi- 
can cession  (1848),  the  S.  E.  portion  part  of  the  Texas  ces- 
sion (1850)  and  the  N.  E.  portion  of  the  Douisiana  purchase 
(1803).  Gold  was  reported  to  have  been  found  in  1595,  in 
the  San  Duis  Valley.  Explorations  were  conducted  by 
Lewis  and  Clark  in  1803-6,  Pike  in  1806,  Long  in  1820, 
Fremont  1842-4,  others  explorers,  traders,  emigrants  and 
the  Mormons  passed  through  the  state.  In  1858  a  company 
of  gold-seekers  from  Georgia  established  a  camp  near  Den- 
ver. The  next  year  the  rush  for  the  Pike's  Peak  region 
commenced.     The  territory  was  organized  Feb.  28,   1861. 


76 


COLORADOi^HAND  BOOl^ 


It  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state  3rd  March,  1876, 
and  the  constitution  was  adopted  on  1st  July.  Woman 
suffrage  was  proclaimed  2nd  Dec,  1893.  The  early  history 
is   full  of  thrilling  incidents,    fights   with   Indians,   hard- 


Map  of  the  Territorial  Acquisitions  of  Colorado 


'99f9'9T9T9V9T9ir$9WT9T99'9T9'99T9ft99T99'9ir$:i'9 


GOVERNORS  OF  COLORADO 


1861-62- 

1862-65 

1865-67 

1867-69 

1869-73 

1873-74- 

1874-75- 

1875-76— 


ERRITORIAL 

William  Gilpin 


John  Evans 
Alex.  Cummings 
A.  Cameron  Hunt 
Edward  W.  McCook 
Samuel  W.  Elbert 
Edward  W.  McCook 
■John  L.  Routt 


1876-78- 
1879-82- 
1883-85- 
1885-86- 
1887-88- 
1889-90- 
1891-93 
1893-95- 
1895-97- 
1897-99- 
1899-01- 


STATC 

-John  L.  Routt 
-Fred.  W.  Pitkin 
-James  B.  Grant 
-Benjamin  H.  Eaton 
-Alva  Adams 
-Job  A    Cooper 
-John  L.  Routt 
-Davis  H.  Waite 
-A.  W.  Mclntire. 
-Alva  Adams 
-Chas.  S.  Thomas 


ships  overcome  with  toil  and  patience,  conflicting  political 
ambitions  and  all  the  experience  of  hardy  prospectors,  set 
in  the  midst  of  an  unsettled  country  nearly  1,000  miles 
from  the  nearest  civilized  settlement.    The  earliest  settlers 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  77 

were  gold-seekers.  They  were  of  the  more  adventurous 
and  energetic  of  the  people  of  the  Middle  West.  They  were 
followed  by  enterprising  young  business  men  and  finally  by 
invalids  from  the  East  in  search  of  health.  These  latter, 
being  largely  of  the  wealthier  class,  have  helped  to  leaven 
the  former  and,  without  restraining  their  ambition,  have 
fostered  a  spirit  of  cultui*e  but  seldom  found  in  Western 
states.  Read  also  Bancroft  "History  of  Colorado,"  Boyd 
"History  of  Greeley,"  Hall  "History  of  Colorado." 

Holy  Cross,  riount  of  the,-See  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross. 

Holy oke.  county  seat  of  Phillips  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  R.  R., 
170  m.  N.  E.  of  Denver.    Pop.  1,000.    Agriculture. 

Home  for  Dependent  Children  at  North  Denver.  H.  W. 
Cowan,  Supt.  Founded  1895.  Supported  by  the  state. 
Income  1898,  $10,000.  Average  attendance,  boys  34,  girls  22. 

Honey— See  Bees. 

Hooper,  Costilla  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  282  m.  S.  of 
Denver.  Alt.  7,550  ft.  Pop.  1,200.  Beautifully  situated  in 
the  San  Luis  Valley.  Opera  house  with  200  seats.  Bear, 
deer,  mountain  lion,  brant,  crane,  duck  and  geese  in  vi- 
cinity. 

Hops  grown  in  1898  amounted  to  2,000  lbs.  This  wa^  not 
nearly  sufficient  to  supply  the  local  demand. 

Horticulture— See  Fruit. 

Hospitals  are  numerous  throughout  the  state.  Denver 
alone  has  23.  They  are  supported  by  various  religious  in- 
stitutions, private  individuals  and  by  the  counties  in  which 
they  are  located.  They  are  in  charge  of  competent  phy- 
sicians and  well  trained  staffs. 

Howard,  Fremont  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  205  m.  S.  of 
Denver.  Alt.  6,700  ft.  Pop.  200.  Trout,  bear,  deer  and 
rabbits  in  vicinity. 

Huerfano,  Huerfano  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  157  m. 
from  Denver.    Alt.  5,677  ft. 

Huerfano  County  is  in  the  S.  of  the  state.  Walsenburg 
is  the  county  seat.  Its  assessed  valuation  is  $1,696,870.  It 
contains  29,000  acres  of  agricultural,  167,000  acres  of  graz- 
ing and  7,000  acres  of  coal  lands.  There  are  14,000  acres 
under  cultivation.  In  1898  $400,000  worth  of  cattle  were 
shipped  out  of  the  county.  The  wood  crop  was  valued  at 
$75,000,  130,000  bushels  of  grain  and  $15,000  worth  of 
alfalfa  were  harvested.    38,000  cars  of  coal  were  shipped  in 


78 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


the  same  year,  and  1,000  men  are  regularly  employed  in 
mining  it.  The  wages  of  the  miners  average  $50,000  per 
month. 

Hugo,  county  seat  of  Lincoln  Co.,  105  m.  S.  E.  of  Den- 
ver.    Alt.  5,000  ft.     Pop.  250.     Agriculture. 

Hunting— See  Game. 


Idaho  Springs 
on  Colorado  &  Southern  Ry. 


Idaho  Springs,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  38  m. 

W.  of  Denver,  fare  $1.70,  round  trip  $2.60.  Alt.  7,500  ft. 
Pop.  4,500.  Splendid  water  supply,  schools,  churches  and 
public  library.  Twelve  hot  and  cold  soda  and  iron  springs, 
beneficial  to  gastric,  renal  and  hepatic  diseases  and  rheuma- 
tism, ranging  up  to  120°  F.  Good  bathing  and  hotel  ac- 
commodations, $1.00  to  $3.00  per  day.  The  ride  up  Clear 
Creek  Canon  is  full  of  beauty  and  interest.  It  is  the  center 
of  the  Clear  Creek  gold  belt,  180  producing  mines  in  vi- 
cinity. The  Chicago  Lakes  are  just  above  the  city.  Fine 
scenery.     Good  camping  grounds.     Climate  mild. 

Ignacio,  La  Plata  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  424  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $20.80.     Alt.  6,400  ft.     Pop.  75.     Trout  in 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  79 

Pine  river  10  m.  N.     Ooyotes  and  rabbits  in  vicinity.     It 
is  in  tlie  Southern  Ute  agency. 

Imports-Tlie  value  of  imports  from  foreign  countries  re- 
ported by  the  Denver  custom  house  in  1898  was  $366,314, 
of  which  $151,812  was  general  merchandise  and  $214,502 
was  lead  ore.  Lead  is  impoi-ted  for  use  as  a  flux  in  smelt- 
ing. Less  of  it  is  being  imported  each  year,  as  more  is 
being  mined  at  home. 


There  are  five  times  as  many  Indians  in  the  State  of  New  York 
as  there  are  in  Colorado 

Indians— There  are  five  times  as  many  Indians  in  New 
York  state  as  there  are  in  Colorado.  A  portion  of  the  Ute 
Reservation  in  the  S.  W.  is  the  only  reservation  in  the 
state  and  that  thrown  open  to  settlement  May  4,  1899.  A 
school  for  Indian  children,  under  Dr.  T.  H.  Breen,  at  Fort 
Lewis,  12  m.  S.  W.  of  Durango,  has  300  pupils. 

Industrial  School  for  Boys,  at  Golden,  B.  L.  Olds,  Supt, 
for  the  reclamation  and  education  of  wayward  boys  be- 
tween 7  and  16  years.  No.  of  inmates  1st  Dec.,  '98,  118. 
Total  income  1898,  $54,662.  It  is  conducted  on  humani- 
tarian principles  and  does  much  good  in  reducing  the  crim- 
inal population. 

Industrial  School  for  Girls,  at  Aurora,  near  Denver,  for 
girls  between  the  ages  of  7  and  16,  who  have  been  con- 
victed of  crime.  -Founded  1895.  Owing  to  insufficient  ap- 
propriations the  school  has  had  a  checkered  existence,  but 
is  now  on  a  better  basis. 


80  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Insane  Asylum— The  State  Asylum  is  at  Pueblo.  For 
full  information  see  the  superintendent's  report.  A  private 
asylum  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  H.  Work,  also  located 
at  Pueblo,  established  1894,  has  also  been  doing  good 
work. 

lola,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  300  m.  from 
Denver,  fare  $9.60.    Alt.  7,400  ft.     Pop.  20.     Stock  raising. 


IRON  AND  STEEL  IN 
COLORADO 
Colorado  ranked  27th  among 
all  States  in  production  in  1880; 
in  1890  she  ranked  20th. 

TONS 
Total  product,  1880  .  .  4,500 
Total  product,  1890  .  .  33.832 
Total  product,  1895  .  .  59,000 
Total  product,  1898  .    119,880 


IRON   IN  COLORADO 

Tons  Pis:  Iron  produced 

In  1890  .....        2,391 
In  1894      .....  73,669 

In  1895 70.000 

In  1898 98,568 


t 


Iron— Colorado  is  rich  in  iron  ores.  There  Is  very  little 
true  hematite,  but  magnetites  abound.  There  is  also  limo'- 
nite,  and  most  of  the  iron  ore  produced  in  the  state  is  of 
this  character.  Much  of  the  iron  ore  carries  with  it  silver, 
and  this  ore  is  sought  after  by  the  precious  metal  smelters 
for  flux.  Colorado  is  the  only  state  in  the  Union  where  are 
found  all  the  materials  for  making  steel.  The  plant  of  the 
Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  Co.  at  Pueblo  is  the  only  one  in  the 
state  which  makes  iron  and  steel.  In  addition  to  this  there 
are  numerous  foundries  and  machine  shops  throughout  the 
state,  where  much  machinery  is  manufactured.  In  1880 
Colorado  ranked  27th  among  the  iron  producing  states,  in 
1890,  20th,  and  now  probably  stands  much  higher.  The 
value  of  iron,  steel  and  iron  ore  produced  in  1898  was  over 
$4,500,000. 

Irrigation  has  been  the  most  important  factor  in  the  agri- 
cultural development  of  the  state.  The  dryness  of  the 
climate  prevents  unseasonable  rains  and  irrigation  enables 
the  farmer  to  water  his  crops  when  they  most  need  it.  In 
this  way  the  irrigated  crops  become  more  certain  and  more 
abundant  than  those  dependent  upon  rain.     The  method 


The  Moore  Hardware 
&  Iron  Co. 

[Successors  to  J.  M.  MOORE'S  SONS] 

Established  1871  Incorporated  1899 

JOBBERS  OF 

IRON,  STEEL 


AND 


HARDWARE 


blacksmiths;,  Wagon  Makers^  TOOLS  and 

[Machinists',  Horseshoers'    eiTonTico 

[Moulders'  and  Woodworkers'   oUFPLlbS 


HEAVY  HARDWARE  OF  ALL  KINDS 


The  rDoorc  HardiDare  5  Iron  Co. 

SAME  OLD   STAND 

Corner  of  ISth  and  Wazee  Streets. 
Warehouse  ..13th  and  Wazee  Streets. 

BOX  1536.  TELEPHONE  235. 

DENVER 

COLORADO. 


82 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Map  of  Colorado  showing  Irrigated  and 
Farming  Districts 

of  irrigation  is  very  simple  and  can  be  largely  intrusted  to 
unskilled  labor.  It  consists  of  letting  the  water  from  the 
ditch  flow  along  plow  furrows  all  over  the  fields.  The 
state  is  divided  into  six  great  irrigation  divisions,  arranged 
according  to  the  natural  drainage  and  represented  by  the 
principal  streams— the  Platte,  the  Arkansas,  the  Rio  Grande, 
the  San  Juan,  the  Grand  and  the  Green  and  the  White 
and  the  Yampa  rivers.  These  divisions  are  divided  into 
sub-divisions,  or  districts,  each  under  control  of  a  water 
commissioner.  There  are  15,000  miles  of  ditches,  costing 
$65,000,000.  These  irrigate  4,500,000  acres,  of  which  2,000,- 
000  are  under  cultivation.  The  total  area  of  the  state  is 
over  66,000,000  acres.  Average  annual  cost  of  water  per 
acre  79c.  Average  value  of  ii-rigated  land  $83.28  per  acre, 
and  the  value  of  its  product  $14.89  per  acre.  The  cost  of 
constructing  ditches  per  mile  is,  for  ditches  under  5  ft. 
wide,  $380;  5  to  10  ft,  $1,131;  10  ft.  and  over,  $5,258.  See 
also  Agriculture,  Artesian  Wells,  Rainfall,  Water  power. 


James  Peak  (13,283  ft).  Front  Range,  Gilpin  Co.,  12  m, 
W,  of  Central  City.     Visible  from  Denver. 


COLORADO  HA^D  BOOK 


83 


Irrigating  Canal  near  Grand  Junction,  Colo. 

WATER  RIGHTS  IIS  COLORADO  IRRIGATION 

1890        PER  ACRE  Area  of   Colorado 

Average  first  cost  of  water  (acres) 66.560.000 

Avera/e  value  of  water        '   ^  Miles  irrigating  ditches    12.000 

rights 28.46  ^^^^^  ""'*^''  ^^^^^  '    '  4.500,000 

Average  annual    cost  of  Acres  under  cultiva- 

water .79  tion 2.000,000 

Average  first  cost  of  prep-  Average  annual  cost  of 

aration  for  cultivation     9.72  water  per  acre  ....   79  cts. 


84  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Jefferson  County  is  in  the  central  part  of  the  state.  Golden 
is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $3,99G,205. 
It  contains  67,000  acres  of  agricultural,  213,000  acres  of 
grazing  and  1,800  acres  of  coal  lands.  Its  mineral  output 
for  1898  was:  Gold  $8,000  and  silver  $1,000.  The  eastern 
part  of  the  county  is  one  vast  garden  tract,  the  product 
of  which  finds  a  ready  market  owing  to  its  proximity  to 
Denver.  Over  1,000  acres  of  orchards  are  planted  with 
25,000  trees. 

Jesuit  College,  near  Denver.  Incorporated  1887.  Rev. 
Joseph  M.  Marra,  S.  J.,  president. 

Jimtown,  Mineral  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  319  m.  from 
Denver.     Alt.  8,850  ft.     Pop.  3,000. 

Julesburg,  county  seat  of  Sedgwick  Co.,  on  U.  P.  R.  R., 
200  m.  N.  E.  of  Denver.  Alt.  3,460  ft.  Pop.  600.  Agri- 
culture. 


K 


Kelker,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  80  m.  S.  of 
Denver.    Alt.  5,850  ft. 

Kiowa  County  is  in  the  rain  belt  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state.  Sheridan  Lake  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed 
valuation  is  $1,002,204.  It  contains  2,500  acres  of  agricul- 
tural and  295,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  Stock  raising  is 
the  principal  industry,  there  being  upwards  of  30,000  head 
of  cattle  and  20,000  head  of  sheep  in  the  county. 

Kit  Carson,  Cheyenne  Co.,  152  m.  S.  E.  of  Denver,  fare 
$6.10.    Alt.  4,275  ft.     Pop.  100.     Stock  raising. 

Kit  Carson  County  is  in  the  rainbelt,  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
state.  Burlington  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valua- 
tion is  $933,990.  Nearly  the  whole  county  is  devoted  to 
grazing  land,  of  which  there  are  425,000  acres.  Upwards 
of  20,000  head  of  cattle  and  sheep  graze  here  and  30,000 
bushels  of  wheat  were  harvested  near  Burlington  in  1898. 

Knights  of  Pythias  are  well  represented  throughout  the 
state.    Membership,  1898,  5,543. 

Kokomo,  Summit  Co.,  295  m.  W.  of  Denver  on  Oolo.  & 
So.  Ry.  and  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  Alt.  10,500  ft.  Pop.  500. 
Two  theaters  with  200  and  150  seats.  Mining.  Scenery 
picturesque.    Climate  cool  in  summer. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


85 


House  Where  Kit  Carson  Died,  near  Las  Animas 


Labor  Unions  — Coiorado  i-  a  stroDghola  of  labor  unions, 
the  various  orrganizations  practially  controlling  labor 
matters  in  all  the  trades.  The  State  Federation  of  Labor 
is  the  central  state  body.  Its  officers,  elected  in  June, 
1899,  are  as  follows:  D.  O.  Goates,  president 
Pueblo;  Patrick  Roney,  first  vice  president,  Denver;  Mrs. 
A.  J.  Frincke,  second  vice  president,  Denver;  J.  K.  Rob- 
inson, secretary,  Denver;  Joy  Pollard,  treasurer,  Altman; 
Ted  Sugrue,  Denver,  John  Bawden,  Silverton,  members 
executive  board.  Nearly  all  mining  towns  have  local  un- 
ions. In  Denver  there  are  three  general  bodies:  (1)  Den- 
ver Trades  and  Labor  Assembly,  which  receives  dele- 
gates from  about  fifty  unions;  (2)  the  Allied  Printing 
Trades  Council,  receiving  delegates  from  all  printing 
trades,  typesetters,  pressmen,  binders,  etc.;  (3)  The 
Building  Trades  Council,  composed  of  delegates  from 
building  trades,  such  as  carpenters,  painters,  bricklayers, 
etc.  The  railroad  organizations,  locomotive  engineers, 
firemen,  trainmen,  telegraphers  and  conductors,  are 
friendly  to  the  above  organizations  but  do  not  send  dele- 


86  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

gates  to  or  affiliate  with  them.  There  are  perhaps  20,000 
union  men  in  the  state.  Tliere  has  been  steady  progress 
toward  better  wages  and  less  hours,  resulting  in  state 
law  making  eignt  hours  a  full  work  day,  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  State  Board  of  Arbitration  for  labor  differ- 
ences. 

Lafayette,  Boulder  Go.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  and  B.  &  M.  R. 
Rs.,  22  m.  N.  of  Denver,  fare  90c.  Alt.  5,200  ft.  Pop.  1,200. 
Goal  mining. 

LaJara,  Conejos  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  265  m.  S.  of 
Denver,  fare  $12.00.  Alt.  7,500  ft.  Pop.  300.  Agriculture. 
Duck  and  trout  in  vicinity.    Mild  climate. 

La  Junta,  county  seat  of  Otero  Co.,  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R., 
181  m.  S.  E.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.25.  Alt.  4,327  ft.  Pop.  5,000. 
Electric  lights,  telephones,  water  works,  etc.;  fire  depart- 
ment, fine  schools  and  churches ;  public  library,  10,000  vols. ; 
railroad  shops,  flour  mills,  canning  factory,  etc.  It  is  an 
Important  distributing  point  in  the  Arkansas  Valley  sur- 
rounded by  fertile  land;  60,000  acres  under  cultivation. 
:^J  ild  climate.    Valley  scenery.    Hotel  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day. 

La  Plata  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  state.  Du- 
rango  is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $2,- 
245,480.  It  contains  15,000  acres  of  agricultural,  68,000 
acres  of  grazing  and  nearly  5,000  acres  of  coal  lands.  The 
fertile  valleys  are  being  rapidly  developed  by  new  irriga- 
tion canals  and  will  add  greatly  to  its  agricultural  wealth. 
71,000  sheep  were  shipped  in  1898.  During  the  same  year 
$38,000  worth  of  gold  was  mined. 

Lake  City,  county  seat  of  Hinsdale  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  320  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.65.  Alt.  8,500  ft. 
Pop.  1,500.  Good)  schools,  churches,  etc.  First-class  hotels 
$2.00  per  day.  Gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper  are  found  in 
abundance.  The  scenery  is  of  the  grandest,  lofty  moun- 
tain peaks,  magnificent  water  falls,  beautiful  mountain 
lakes  abound.  The  high  surrounding  mountains  shelter  it 
from  wind  and  snow,  giving  it  a  mild  and  equable  climate. 
Pine  mountain  climbing  and  trout  fishing.  Splendid  sani- 
tarium for  invalids. 

Lake  County  is  in  the  center  of  the  state.  Leadville  is 
the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $3,914,679.  It 
contains  23,000  acres  of  agricultural  land.  The  mineral 
resources  are,  however,  its  greatest  source  of  wealth,  the 


Colorado;  HANDIBOOK 

output  in  1898  being:  Gold  $2,000,000,  silver  $3,000,000, 
copper  $400,000,  lead  $1,000,000. 

Lakes -There  are  no  large  lakes  in  the  state,  but  small 
ones  are  numerous.  They  are  mostly  beautiful,  nestling 
in  the  pines  and  hemmed  in  by  mountain  walls.  Good 
trout  fishing  is  to  be  had  in  moet  of  them.  See  also  Chicago 
Lakes,  Clear  Lake,  Elk  Lake,  Grand  Lake,  Green  Lake, 
Palmer  Lake,  Twin  I^akes. 

Lamar,  county  seat  of  Prowers  Co.,  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R. 
R.,  233  m.  S.  E.  of  Denver,  fare  $9.35.  Alt.  3,500  ft.  Pop. 
1,300.  Shipping  point  for  a  large  section  of  the  Arkansas 
Valley.  Good  schools  and  churches,  tine  public  buildings 
and  residences,  tiour  mills  and  elevator.  Good  hotels  $2.00 
per  day. 


Upper  Twin  Lake,  near  Leadville 


Land— The  area  of  Colorado  is  103,925  sq.  m.,  or  over 
66,000,000  acres,  nearly  double  the  size  of  New  England. 
The  W.  half  of  the  state  was  part  of  the  Mexican  cession 
(IMS),  the  S.  E.  comer  part  of  the  Texas  cession  (1850), 
and  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  Louisiana  purchase  (1803).  Of 
public  lands  3,715,555  acres  have  been  granted  for  the  sup- 
port of  schools,  46,080  acres  for  the  University,  90,0(X)  acres 
for  the  Agricultural  College  and  64,000  acres  for  public 


88  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

buildings.  4,500,000  acres  are  under  inigation,  of  which 
2,000,000  acres  are  cultivated.  There  are  35,000,000  acres  of 
surveyed  and  4,500,000  acres  of  unsurveyed  land  still  open 
for  settlement  under  homestead,  arid  land,  timber  and  min- 
ing claims.     See  also  Real  Estate,  Soil. 

La  Plata  Mountains  are  a  prolongation  south  of  the  San 
Miguel  Range.  Hesperus,  13,376  ft.,  Montezuma  Co.,  near- 
est point,  Dolores.  Babcock,  13,456  ft.,  La  Plata  Co.,  near- 
est point,  Durango. 

Larimer  County  is  in  the  N.  of  the  state.  Fort  Collins 
is  the  county  seat.  The  assessed  valuation  is  $4,374,026. 
It  contains  152,000  acres  of  agricultural  and  $473,000  acres 
of  grazing  land.  Over  50,000  head  of  cattle  and  7,000  sheep 
find  pasture.  76,000  acres  are  planted  in  orchards.  It  is 
one  of  the  best  agricultural  counties  in  the  state.  The 
crops  grown  in  1898  amounted  to  over  $3,000,000.  It  also 
produced  $3,000  worth  of  gold.  Good  paving  stone  is  also 
quarried  near  Fort  Collins. 

Larkspur,  Douglas  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  43  m.  S. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  6,659  ft.  Pop.  25.  Trout  in  Perry  Park 
6  m.  away. 
•  Las  Animas,  county  seat  of  Bent  Co.,  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 
R.  R.,  203  m.  S.  E.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.10.  Alt.  3,900  ft. 
Pop.  2,000.  Good,  churches  and  schools,  etc.  Artesian  wells 
are  numerous.  A  pretty  town  surrounded  by  fertile  agri- 
cultural land.  Climate  mild  and  equable.  Good  hotels 
$2.00  per  day. 

Las  Animas  County  is  in  the  S.  E.  of  the  state.  County 
seat,  Trinidad.  Assessed  valuation  $5,259,824.  Area  of 
agricultural  land  76,500  acres,  grazing  land  434,300  acres, 
coal  lands  49,000  acres.  Agricultural  products  1898,  195,000 
bushels  of  grain,  200,000  tons  of  hay,  100,000  bushels  of  po- 
tatoes and  big  crops  of  onions,  turnips  and  cabbages. 
1,750,000  tons  of  coal  were  mined  in  1898.  There  are  also 
large  deposits  of  iron  ore  and  alum.  Good  building  stone  is 
of  easy  access. 

Lava— Volcanic  action  has  supplied  the  state  with  un- 
limited quantities  of  lava.  It  is  used  extensively  for  build- 
ing. The  variety  of  color  gives  it  a  pleasing  effect.  It  is 
easily  worked  and  when  not  subjected  to  too  great  heat 
or  strain  is  very  durable. 

La  Veta,  Huerfano  Co.,  on  D.  &  R,  G.  R.  R.,  191  m.  S.  of 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  89 

Denver,  fare  $7.55.    Alt.  7,200  ft.     Pop.  600.     Agriculture. 
Trout,  bear,  deer,  grouse  and  mountain  lion  in  vicinity. 

Lead  is  mined  extensively.  It  is  also  foimd  largely  in  the 
silver  ore.  Output  1898  50,000  tons,  valued  at  nearly  $3,- 
000,000.  Lead  is  used  extensively  as  a  flux  in  smelting, 
and  in  addition  to  that  mined  in  the  state  it  was  imported 
from  foreign  countries  to  the  value  of  $214,500  in  1898. 

Leadville,  county  seat  of  Lake  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R. 
and  Colo.  &  So.  and/C.  Mid.  Rys.,  151  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver, 
fare  $6.00.  Alt.  10,200  ft.  Pop.  15,000.  Founded  in  1878, 
it  has  averaged  nearly  $1,000,000  per  month  in  minerals 
ever  since.  Fine  buildings  and  all  conveniences  of  a  city 
of  its  size.  Two  opera  houses  with  600  and  900  seats.  It 
is  walled  in  by  high  mountains  crowned  with  eternal  snow, 
which  afford  a  vast  variety  of  fine  scenery.  Trout  at  Ever- 
green and  Twin  Lakes;  bear,  deer,  mountain  lion,  lynx 
and  other  game  in  vicinity.  Iron  and  soda  springs.  Good 
bathing  accommodation.  First-class  hotels  $3.00  to  $4.00 
per  day.  Total  mineral  product  of  camp  since  1879  is 
$210,000,00(>-the  best  year  1892,  $17,121,850.  Read  also 
Manning,  "Leadville,  Lake  Co.  and  the  Gold  Belt." 

Libraries— Most  of  the  larger  towns  have  good  public 
libraries.  Denver  has  two  which  will  be  consolidated  about 
July  1st.  Each  contains  over  40,000  vols.  The  State  Li- 
brary is  in  the  capitol.  There  are  many  good  law  libraries. 
All  public  libraries  must  report  annually  to  the  State 
Library  Commission,  which  was  established  May,  1899. 
The  present  Library  Commission  is  composed  of  E.  H. 
Parks,  1  year;  Chas.  R.  Dudley,  2  years;  C.  B.  Seldomridge, 
3  years;  Geo.  R.  Elder,  4  years,  and  Geo.  M.  Lee,  5  years. 

Lincoln  County  is  in  the  E.  County  seat,  Hugo.  Area  of 
grazing  land,  556,000  acres.  Assessed  valuation,  $1,260,572. 
Stock  raising  is  the  principal  industry.  It  has  61,000  head 
of  sheep  and  8,000  head  of  cattle.  10,000  lbs.  of  butter  were 
shipped  in  1898.  Irrigation  is  conducted  by  the  aid  of  wind- 
mills. 

Literature -The  following  are  among  the  many  valuable 
and  reliable  books  published  about  the  state:  Chapin, 
"Mountaineering  in  Colorado,"  Crofutt,  "Overland  Tours," 
Fossett,  "Colorado,"  France,  "Mountain  Trails  and  Parks," 
Dana,  "Slopes  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo,"  Taylor,  "Colorado." 
See  also  under  the  names  of  specific  subjects. 


90 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Lithographic  Stone  is  now  being  mined  in  Colorado. 

Littleton,  Arapahoe  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S. 
F.  R.  Rs.,  10  m.  S.  of  Denver.  Alt.  5,400  ft.  Pop.  800. 
Agriculture.  Ducks  in  vicinity.  Hotel  $1.25  to  $2.00  per 
day.  Boai'd  at  ranches  in  summer  at  reasonable  rates. 
Suburban  sei^vice  on  the  D.  &  R.  G.,  fare  one  way  20c, 
round  trip  25c. 

Live  Stock— See  Packing  houses.  Stock  raising. 

Living  Expenses  are  slightly  higher  in  Colorado  than  in 
the  east.  Good  board  for  working  men  can  be  had  from 
$3.50  per  week  upwards.  Clerks  and  professional  men  usu- 
ally pay  from  $5  per  week  upwards  for  room  and  board. 
Hotel  rates  run  from  $1  to  $4  per  day.Naturally  expenses 
are  greater  in  the  regular  resorts  during  the  season. 


The  Loop 
on  the  Colorado  &  Southern  Ry, 


Logan  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  County  seat,  Sterling.  As- 
sessed valuation  $1,518,774.  Area  of  grazing  land  412,800 
acres.  Stock  raising  is  the  principal  industry.  In  1898 
60,000  lambs  and  20,000  head  of  cattle  were  shipped.  Hay 
and  grain  are  raised  in  large  quantities. 

Longmont,  Boulder  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.  and  B.  &  M. 
R.  R.,  33  m.  N.  of  Denver,  fare  $1.50,  round  trip  $2.00. 
Alt.  5,000.  Pop.  3,000.  Fine  churches,  schools,  public 
buildings  and  residences,  creamery,  flour  mills,  etc.    Public 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


91 


library  and  3  women's  clubs.  Hotel  $1.50  to  $2.00.  Good 
board  at  raiielies  in  summer  at  reasonable  rates.  Canning 
establishment  (Empsom's). 

Long's  Peak  (14,271  ft.),  in  the  Front  Range,  in  Boulder 
County,  affords  one  of  the  most  difficult  pieces  of  mountain 
climbing  in  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  Is  an  extinct  volcano 
with  a  crater  3,000  feet  deep.  55  m.  N.  W.  of  Denver  and 
visible  looking  down  16th  st. 

Loop,  The,  is  one  of  the  most  famous  pieces  of  railroad 
building  in  the  world.  It  is  situated  above  Georgetown, 
on  the  ascent  of  Gray's  Peak.  In  order  to  make  the  ascent 
the  track  makes  a  complete  loop.  The  distance  over  the 
Loop  is  four  miles ;  in  a  straight  line  the  distance  traversed 
is  but  one  mile.  The  altitude  gained  is  700  feet.  The  sharp 
curves,  the  flight  over  iron  bridges  100  feet  high  and  be- 
side almost  overhanging  crags,  make  the  ride  over  the  Loop 
an  experience  never  to  be  forgotten.  Can  be  made  in  one 
day  leaving  Denver  at  a  convenient  hour  in  the  morning 
and  on  return  arriving  in  ample  time  for  supper. 

Louisville,  Boulder  Co.,  20  M.  N.  of  Denver  on  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.    Alt.  5,500  ft.     Pop.  1,100.     Coal  mining. 


LovELAND  High  School 
A  typical  Colorado  school  house  in  a  town  of  2000  inhabitants 


92  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Loveland,  Larimer  Oo.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  50  m.  N.  of 
Denver.  Alt.  4,850  ft.  Pop.  2,000.  A  flourislilng  agricul- 
tural town.  The  "Free  Street  Fair"  and  "Free  Corn  Roast" 
are  celebrated  annually.  Excellent  climate.  Hotel  $2.00 
per  day.     Good  board  at  ranches  near. 

Lumber— See  Forests. 

Lyons,  Boulder  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  R.  R.,  48  m.  N.  W.  of 
Denver,  fare  $1.95.  Pop.  1,000.  Stone  and  lumber.  Rail- 
road point  for  Estes  Park. 


M 

Mails— Even  the  smallest  towns  have  regular  mails  in 
summer.  The  larger  towns  have  free  delivery.  The  re- 
ceipts of  the  Denver  office,  1898,  were  $421,532,  Colorado 
Springs  $61,000,  Pueblo  $46,000. 

Malta,  Lake  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  272  m.  W.  of  Den- 
ver.   Alt.  9,600  ft.    Pop.  50.    Mining. 

Mancos,  Montezuma  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  490  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $20.90.  Alt.  7,008  ft.  Pop.  300.  Rich  min- 
ing and  fruit  raising  district.  Trout,  deer,  grouse,  rabbits 
and  wild  turkey  in  vicinity.  The  debarking  point  for  the 
Cliff  Dwellings. 

rianitou,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  Colo.  &  So. 
and  C.  Mid.  Rj^s.,  terminus  of  Pike's  Peak  Cogwheel  Ry., 
5  m.  W.  of  Colorado  Springs  and  80  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare 
$3.00,  round  trip  $4.65.  Alt.  6,325  ft.  Pop.  1,500.  Fashion- 
able health  and  pleasure  resort.  Beautifully  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Pike's  Peak.  Picturesque  shady  streets.  Fine  resi- 
dences. Electric  lights,  street  railway  and  water  works. 
Camping  grounds,  summer  cottages  and  hotels  $1.50  to 
$4.00  per  day;  8  effervescing  soda  and  iron  springs  44° 
to  59°  F.,  of  valuable  curative  properties.  .  Good  bathing 
accommodation.  Beautiful  scenery  and  mild  climate.  Many 
interesting  and  beautiful  caves.  Opera  house  with  600 
seats.  See  also  Colorado  Springs,  Garden  of  the  Gods, 
Pike's  Peak. 

Manitou  Park,  20  m.  up  Ute  Pass  from  Manitou,  is  noted 
for  Its  scenery  and  its  petrified  forest.  Hunting  and  fish- 
ing are  excellent.  Good  accommodation  for  tourists  and 
camping  parties. 


94  COLORADO-  HAND  BOOK 

Manufactures  are  mainly  such  as  grow  out  of  mining. 
The  products  of  the  smelters  1898  was  $102,685,616.  Value 
of  manufactures,  exclusive  of  smelters,  in  Denver  alone, 
1898,  $29,000,000.  The  iron  and  steel  works  at  Pueblo  pro- 
duced in  1898  119,880  tons.  Nearly  every  branch  of  manu- 
facturing is  represented  in  the  state.  Raw  materials  of  all 
kinds  being  produced  here,  the  increase  of  manufacturing 
is  certain  in  the  near  future.  See  also  under  the  name  of 
each  article 

nanzanola,  Otero  Ck).,  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  162  m.  S.  E. 
of  I>enver.     Pop.  100.     Fruit  raising. 

Marble  of  every  variety  is  found  in  the  state.  Much  of 
it  is  equal  to  that  quarried  in  Italy.  $100,000  worth  is  ship- 
ped to  other  states  annually.  The  main  quarries  are  in 
Gunnison,  Fremont  and  Pitkin  counties.  It  has  also  re- 
cently been  found  in  Routt  county. 

Marshall,  Boulder  Co.,  on  C^lo.  &  So.  Ry.,  24  m.  N.  of 
Denver.    Alt.  5,400  ft.     Pop.  150.     Mining. 

Masons— Grand  Dodge  of  Colorado  is  in  full  affiliation 
with  the  Grand  Dodges  of  other  countries  except  France. 
Membership  1897-8,  7,335.  Ed.  O.  Parmelee,  Denver,  Grand 
Secretarj^  First  lodge  in  the  state  organized  24th  Sei)t., 
1859,  at  Auraria  (now  Denver).  The  new  Masonic  Temple, 
erected  at  Denver  in  1889,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
country. 

Medicine  Bow  Range  is  due  northern  continuation  of  the 
North  Range.  Haynes  Peak,  13,832  ft.,  Larimer  Co.  Clark's 
Peak,  13,167  ft,  Larimer  Co. 

Meeker,  county  seat  of  Rio  Blanco  Co.,  40  m.  from  Rifle, 
the  nearest  railroad  point.  Alt.  6,500  ft.  Pop.  500.  Agri- 
culture and  stock  raising. 

Melons-The  Arkansas  Valley  is  the  finest  melon  growing 
country  in  the  world.  Rocky  Ford  is  the  principal  shipping 
point  and  "Melon  day"  is  celebrated  there  every  season. 
On  Melon  day  at  the  Omaha  Exposition  12,000  watermelons 
and  22,000  cantaloupes,  grown  in  this  section,  were  given 
away.  Value  of  crop,  1898,  $1,000,000.  Melons  are  now 
being  shipped  to  the  East  and  England,  where  they  find  a 
ready  market  owing  to  their  superior  quality  and  flavor. 

Meredith,  Lake  Co.,  on  C.  Mid.  Ry.,  253  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver.    Alt.  7,800  ft.    Pop.  125.    Lime  and  building  stone. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 
P.  R.  R. 


Pap, 


95 

100.    Stock  rais- 


Merino,  Logan  Co.,  on  U. 
ing. 

Mesa,  Mesa  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  124  m.  W.  of  Den- 
ver.   Alt.  4,850  ft.     Pop.  400.     Fruit  raising. 

Mesa  County  is  in  the  W.  County  seat,  Grand  Junction. 
Assessed  valuation,  $2,291,093.  There  are  163,000  acres  of 
agricultui-al,  54,000  acres  of  grazing  and  600  acres  of  coal 
lands.  Fruit  raising  is  the  principal  industry,  16,000  acres 
are  planted  in  orchards  with  145,000  trees.  Value  of  crops 
1898:     Fruit  $69,000,  wool  $16,000,  potatoes  $17,500,  cattle 


Melons  Ready  for   'Watermelon  Day"  at  Rocky  Ford 

$363,000.  21,000  tons  of  coal  was  mined  in  '98.  Copper  is 
also  being  mined  extensively.  Beet  sugar  factory  at  Grand 
.Junction  costing  $500,000  is  now  being  constructed. 

Middle  Park,  in  Grand  Co.,  is  some  50  miles  W.  of  Den- 
ver. Reached  by  stage  from  Georgetown.  It  is  wild  and 
lonely,  but  its  vast  gi*azing  lands  and  desirable  mineral 
springs  malie  it  a  good  camping  ground.    Alt.  7,750  ft. 

Military— The  22nd  U.  S.  Infantry  (colorefl)  is  stationed  at 


96 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Fort  IjQgan,  near  Denver.  Denver  is  the  headquarters  of 
the  Dept.  of  the  Colorado,  Gen.  Merriam  in  command.  Be- 
fore the  Spanish  war  the  7th  U.  S.  infantry  was  at  Fort 
Logan  and  Gen.  Otis  was  in  command  of  the  department. 
See  also  National  Guard. 

Militia— See  National  Guard. 

Mineral  County  is  in  the  S.  County  seat,  Creede.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $494,561.  It  has  5,300  acres  of  agricul- 
tural and  19,500  acres  of  grazing  land.  Mining  is  the  prin- 
cipal industry.  Value  of  output  1898:  Gold  $62,000,  silver 
$2,900,000,  lead  $500,000  and  zinc  $20,000.  Over  700  men 
are  employed  in  the  mines. 


Pa\ning  Dirt  in  Placer  Min 


Drilling  in  a  Tunnel,  Quartz  Mining 

Minerals— Besides  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  zinc,  iron, 
ooal,  etc.,  the  following  minerals,  among  others,  are  found 
in  Colorado  in  more  or  less  quantities:    Agatized  wood,  ala- 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


97 


OuwAY— A  lYPiCAL  Mining  Town 

baster,  alum,  amazoustoue,  amethyst,  aquamarine,  argen- 
liue,  arsenide  of  cobalt,  asbestos,  asplialtum,  banded  agate, 
baiite,  beryl,  bismuth,  bloodstone,  blue  vitrol  or  chalcan- 
thite,  cairngorm,  or  smoky  quartz,  calcite,  carnelian,  cassi- 
terite  or  tin  stone,  cerussite,  chalcedony,  chrysolite  or  peri- 
dot, citrine  or  false  topaz,  cobalt,  corundum,  cryolite,  cya- 
nite,  feldspar,  fire  opal,  fluor  spar,  gahnite,  garnet,  graph- 
ite, gypsum,  hornblende,  hyalite  or  MuUer's  glass,  Iceland 
spar,jasper,  jet,  kaolinite  or  porcelain  clay,  malachite,man- 
ganese  sulphate,  mercury,  mica,  molybendite,  moss  agate, 
%  Ickel,  onyx,  opal,  phenacite,  rock  crystal,  rose  quartz,  salt, 
'sardonyx,  satin  spar,  spessartite,  sulphate  of  strontia,  sul- 

A\EN  ENGAGED  IN  MINING 
IN   COLORADO 

In  1896 25,545 

In  1897 29,215 

In  1898 30,231 


»JjL  t.t^t:UJi*JtSJt»JtiJt*JiSJtSJtSJiStSJi^:tSJtSJtS*!ti 


Mining  is  Business - 

Not  Gambling 

TO  BUSINESS  MEN  : 

Are  you  interested  in   mining  matters?      Do  you  realize 
that  practical  mining  enterprise  affords  the 

MOST  PROFITABLE 
INVESTMENT? 


Jf j^Tbe  Dailv  (Dining  Record  le^r' 

Its  Important  Features  :     its   mining   news   covers  a 

larger  field   than  any  other 

class  publication  In  the  West.  It  is  the  only 
daily  strictly  mining  newspaper  in  the  World, 
this  statement  being  backed  by  the  Columbian 
Commission  of  the  World's  Fair.  It  exclu- 
sively handles  ALL  the  quotations  upon 
mining  securities  from  official  records  of 
Colorado  Mining  Exchanges.  Its  corre- 
spondents are  In  every  camp  of  note  through-  Subscription  rates 
out    the    West.       Its    Mining    Information   

Bureau  Is  open  to  all   subscribers  free  of  ^^^'^  per  annum 
_  ,  .  ,  ..  .     ,   82. Ko  stx  months 

charge,  and  official  statements  are  published  ^/.^^  three    *' 

from  the  various  companies.  so'^  one  month 

ADDRESS 

The  Reinert  Publishing  Company 
Suite  705-8  Mining  Exchange 
DENVER         :::         COLORADO 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  99 

phur,  talc,  topaz,  tourmaline,  wood  opal,  zircon,  etc.  See 
also  Stone. 

Mineral  Springs  abound  in  all  parts  of  the  state.  They 
vary  in  temperature  from  40°  to  150°  Farenheit.  The  min- 
eral constituents  are  very  varied,  from  the  gentlest  soda  to 
the  most  pungent  salts  and  offensive  sulphates.  For  table 
of  analysis  see  Denison,  "Rocky  Mountain  Health  Resorts," 
p.  30.  Many  of  them  possess  the  highest  medical  virtues 
and  rival  those  of  Switzerland,  Germany  and  Arkansas. 
The  best  known  springs  are  located  at  Glenwood,  Idaho 
Springs,  Buena  Vista,  Canon  City,  Fueblo,  Fagosa,  Sulphur 
Springs  ,  Manitou,  Mount  Frinceton,  Foncha  Springs, 
Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  Steamboat  Springs,  Trimble,  Wellsville 
and  Waunita. 

Mining  Is  the  chief  industry  of  the  state.  Its  minerals 
are  practically  unlimited  in  extent  and  value.    Gold,  silver, 


En  Route  to  a  New  Mining  Camp 

lead,  copper,  iron,  salt  and  coal  are  all  large  products. 
Others  of  importance  are  marble,  limestone,  sandstone, 
gypsum,  clays  and  petroleum.  The  great  mining  districts 
form  an  almost  continuous  belt  across  the  state  50  or  60 
miles  in  width,  in  general  line  with  the  principal  range. 
Most  of  the  park  region  and  the  country  to  the  west  are 
unlerlain  by  coal  and  salt.  There  are  over  30,000  men  en- 
gaged in  mining.  The  value  of  the  principal  mineral  pro- 
ducts In  1898  were:     Gold  $25,723,384,  silver  $15,899,990, 


LEAD 

SMELTERS 

WATER 

JACKETS 

SLAG  POTS 


CAMMETT 
CONCENTRATORS 


Denver  Engineering  iUorks 


SHEPARD   &   SEARING 

=  MANUFACTURERS 


GENERAL  MINING   MACHINERY 


CRU!iHlNG 

ROLLS 

ORE 

CRUSHERS 


HYDRAULIC 
MZ5KS 

riMt: 

SAMPLERS 


SCREENS 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


101 


lead  $4,394,917,  copper  $1,831,500,  coal  $7,000,000,  petroleum 
about  $500,000,  stone  and  marble  $2,000,000.  In  addition 
to  this  223,897  tons  of  iron  ore  were  produced.  Many  long 
tunnels  are  now  being  pushed  into  the  mountains.  Improved 
mining  machinery  and  more  economical  treatment  of  low 
grade  ores  is  doing  much  to  swell  the  total  output.  Read 
also  Lralies,  A.,  "Geology  of  Colorado  and  Western  Ore  De- 
posits." See  also  Gold,  Iron,  Silver,  Copper,  Smelters, 
Geology,  etc. 

Mining  Machinery— The  manufacturers  of  mining  ma- 
chinery have  profited  by  their  close  proximity  to  the  mines 
and  their  knowledge  of  the  needs  of  mining  men  and  have 
brought  out  many  new  improvements.  By  putting  a  high 
class  of  material  and  workmanship  into  their  product,  they 
have  established  a  reputation  for  Colorado  made  machinery, 
which  resulted  in  1898  in  sales  to  the  value  of  $1,100,000. 
The  total  value  of  all  mining  machinery  sold  In  Denver  in 


Prospectors  at  Work 


102 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


1898  was  about  $3,000,000.    See  also  Cyanide  Process,  Rock 
Drills. 


>»rrrrrrr»yrrrrrrrryyyyrrrrrrrrrrrryrrrrrryrrrry< 

I       COLORADO*S  MINERAL  OUTPUT  FOR 

I  1897 

I  GOLD,  SI'.VER,  COPPER  AND  LEAD 

Gold,  1,025,518  ozs.VaL  $21,147,046 
Silver,  20,326,238  ozs.  Val.  12,142,425 
Copper,  10,753,812  lbs.  Val.  1,131,725 
Lead,       86,940,038  lbs.  Val.      2,952.313 


Total $37,373,509 

Average  price  for  the  year:  Gold  $20,67 
per  ounce;  Silver,  59  65-100  cents  per 
ounce :  Copper,  10  67-100  cents  per  pound ; 
Lead,  $3.88  per  hundred  weight. 


:  LEADVILLE  I 

I  Leadvillehasput  J 

;  forth  since  1879  J 

;  mineral  products  \ 

;  of  the  value  of  ; 

;  $206,000,000  ; 

»  Her    best    year  3 

;  W4S1892.  ; 

:  $17,121,850  ; 

*  Her  poorest  year  ; 

:  was  1894.  ; 

:  $8,160,074  ; 


;  THE   RACE   FOR   GOLD 

;  Or,  How  Cripple  Creek  District  Did  It 

:  California  vs.  Colorado 

:   1880-$15,618.351 $  3.206.500 

:   18W7-5>15.000.000 $1^.579.637 

:  Gold  in  1897-Colorado $19,579,637 

;  Alaska         "] 

;  Montana       I 

>  Nevada          ! 

:  S.  Dakota     f  Combined $19,941,431 

;  Utah              I 

'  Arizona        J 

;  1898— Co*orado $2^,725,000 

:  California $14,5()0.«i00 


Minturn,  Eagle  Co.,  division  headquarters  of  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  308  m.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  7,285  ft.  I^p.  400. 
Mining.    Ttout  in  vicinity. 

Moffat.  Saguache  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  204  m.  S.  of 
Denver,  fare  $8.85.  Alt.  7,580  ft.  Pop.  100.  Agriculture 
and  stock  raising.     Ducks  in  vicinity. 

Monarch, Chafeee  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  237  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  10,000  ft.  Pop.  100.  An  old  mining  camp. 
Good  trout  fishing. 

Montclair,  Arapahoe  Co.,  4  m.  E.  of  Denver,  on  electric 
line,  fare  5c.  Beautiful  residence  suburb.  Alt.  5,800  ft. 
Pop.  1,500,     Excellent  school  and  good  church.     Electric 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  103 

lights,  water  works  and  fire  department.  Site  of  Jarvis 
Hall  Military  Academy.    Ducks  in  vicinity. 

Monte  Vista,  Rio  Grande  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  267 
m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.20.  Alt.  7,750  ft.  Pop.  1,200. 
Site  of  State  Soldiers'  Home.  Leading  agricultural  town 
of  the  San  Luis  Valley.  Fine  schools,  churches  and  resi- 
dences. Hotels  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day.  Electric  lights, 
artesian  water,  mild  climate,  good  scenery.  Rolling  mills, 
elevator,  machine  shops,  etc.  Good  trout  fishing,  rabbits 
in  abundance.     Opera  house  with  600  seats. 

Montezuma  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  County  seat,  Cortez. 
Assessed  valuation,  $714,041.  It  has  15,400  acres  of  agri- 
cultural and  38,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  Stock  raising 
is  the  principal  industry,  there  being  5,000  head  of  cattle. 
The  county  is  but  poorly  developed  at  present  but  promises 
great  things  in  the  future. 

Montrose,  c^untv  seat  of  Montrose  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  353  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.55.  Alt.  5,780  ft. 
Pop.  2,500.  Situated  in  the  Uncompahgre  valley  in  a  rich 
agricultural  district  and  unrivalled  fruit  section,  surround- 
ed by  snow-capped  ranges,  which  protect  it  from  winter 
storms  and  summer  heat.  Mild  and  equable  climate.  Fine 
scenery.  Death  rate,  4  per  1,000.  Fine  schools  and 
churches.  Mineral  springs  72**  F.,  good  for  dyspepsia  and 
liver  troubles.  Good  bathing  accommodation.  Hotel  $2.00 
per  day.  Opera  house  of  600  seats.  Bear,  deer,  mountain 
lion,  mountain  sheep  and  wild  cats  in  the  mountains  within 
290  miles.    Also  splendid  trout  fishing. 

Montrose  County  is  in  the  W.  County  seat,  Montrose.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $1,853,867.  Agricultural  land,  120,000 
acres.  Orchards  planted,  7,500  acres.  Number  of  cattle. 
12,000  head,  of  sheep,  20,000.  It  is  a  fertile  agricultural 
and  fruit  raising  county.  Crops  1898:  Wheat  183,000 
bushels,  oats  150,000  bushels,  hay  100,000  tons,  peaches  and 
pears  330,000  lbs.,  apples  8,000  boxes,  honey  52,000  lbs. 
$6,000  worth  of  gold  was  mined  in  1898  in  addition  to  large 
quantities  of  silver  and  copper.  The  county  is  being  rapidly 
developed  and  a  new  irrigation  ditch  is  being  built  by  the 
Colorado  Co-operative  Co.,  which  will  water  a  large  tract 
of  the  San  Miguel  valley.  The  climate  is  delightful.  The 
death  rate  Is  only  4  per  1,000. 

Monument, El  Paso  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 


104  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

R.  Rs.,  5b  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $2.20.  Alt.  7,000  ft.  Pop. 
350.    Agriculture. 

Moraine,  Larimer  Co.,  27  m.  W.  of  Lyons.  Alt.  7,775  ft. 
Pop.  25.    Summer  resort  in  Estes  Park.    Board  at  ranches. 

Alorgan  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  County  seat.  Fort  Mor- 
gan. Assessed  valuation,  $1,302,353.  It  has  40,000  acres  of 
agricultural  and  89,000  acres  of  gi-azing  land.  Stock  raising 
is  the  principal  industry.  It  has  15,000  head  of  cattle,  50,000 
sheep  and  3,000  horses  and  3,000  hogs. 

Morrison, Jefferson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  16  m.  S.  AV. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  5,800  ft.  Pop.  400.  Beautifully  situated 
on  Bear  creek,  among  the  foothills.  Good  mineral  spring. 
Fine  scenery.  Good  hotel.  One  of  the  most  convenient  re- 
sorts near  Denver. 

Mosca,  Costilla  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  288  m.  S.  of 
Denver,  fare  $10.30.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  250.  Opera  house 
with  600  seats.  Trout,  duck,  geese,  grouse,  bear,  deer  and 
mountain  sheep  10  m.  to  the  E.     Mild  climate. 

Mount  Lincoln  (14,297  ft.),  Park  Co.,  named  for  Abraham 
Lincoln  shortly  after  his  assassination.  Affords  one  of  the 
best  climbs  and  loveliest  views  in  the  state. 


Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross 


Mount!of  the  Holy  Cross  (14,176  ft.),  in  Eagle  Co.,  may 
be  seen  from  the  summit  of  Fremont  Pass.    The  unmelted 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  105 

snow  in  the  ravines  forms  almost  a  perfect  cross,  which 
gleams  in  bright  splendor  against  its  dark  surroundings. 
It  can  be  reached  in  2  houi's  from  Leadville,  over  the  D.  & 
R.   G.   R.  R. 

riount  Princeton  (14,199  ft.),  in  Saguache  Range,  9  m. 
S.  W.  of  Buena  Vista.  40  mineral  springs  within  %  mile, 
temperature  130°  F.,  beneficial  to  rheumatism,  cutaneous 
disease,  paralysis,  etc.  Large  hotel,  bath  house  and  swim- 
ming pool.    Scenery  and  climate  good. 

riount  Princeton  Hot  Springs,  Chaffee  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.  and  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  142  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt. 
8,000  ft.  40  mineral  springs  with  an  aggregate  flow  of 
about  1,000,000  gals,  per  day,  130°  F.  Beneficial  for  rheu- 
matism, cutaneous  diseases,  paralysis,  etc.  Hotel  and 
bathing  accommodation.  Surrounded  by  lofty  and  beautiful 
mountains. 

riount  Rosalie  (14,340  ft.),  in  the  Front  Range,  Clear  Creek 
Co.,  is  2  m.  S.  E.  of  Evan's  Peak,  and  may  be  prominently 
seen  from  the  plains.    See  Hayden's  Report  1875,  p.  417. 

riountain  Climbing  requires  a  fair  degree  of  health,  and, 
to  be  enjoyable,  a  good  deal  of  enthusiasm.  The  ambitious 
climber  will  find  plenty  of  excitement  and  hard  work  in 
the  ascent  of  Long's  Peak,  while  the  less  robust  may  ride 
up  Gray's  Peak  on  the  back  of  a  mule,  or  to  the  summit  of 
Pike's  Peak  on  the  celebrated  cog  railroad.  Warm  clothing 
is  necessary.  A  moonlight  night  is  the  best  time  to  start, 
as  this  makes  possible  a  view  of  the  sunrise  from  the  sum- 
mit—a scene  never  to  be  forgotten. 


The  Continental  Divide 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R, 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  107 

riountain  passes  take  the  tourist  almost  to  the  summits  of 
the  mountains.  The  view  is  almost  limitless  and  indescrib- 
ably grand.  Most  of  the  passes  may  be  reached  by  rail. 
The  principal  are:  Argentine  Pass  13,281  ft.,  Berthoud 
Pass  11,350  ft,  Boulder  Pass  11,670  ft.,  Fremont  Pass  11,- 
329  ft.,  Loveland  Pass  11,87G  ft.,  Marshall  Pass  10,858  ft., 
Palmer  Lake  7,650  ft.,  Poncha  Pass  9,061  ft.,  Tennessee 
Pass  10,143  ft.,  Veta  Pass  9,399  ft. 

Tlruntain  Peaks— 125  mountains  in  the  state  are  more 
than  2  miles  above  sea  level  and  40  exceed  14,000  ft.  See 
also  Arapahoe  Peak,  Audubon  Peak,  Evans'  Peak,  Gray's 
Peak,  James  Peak,  Long's  Peak,  Mt.  Princeton,  Mt.  Lincoln, 
Mt.  Rosalie,  Pike's  Peak.  Also  under  the  names  of  the 
various  ranges. 

riountains-The  Rooky  ^[ountains  run  N.  and  S.,  dividing 
the  state  into  two  parts;  the  plains  in  the  E.,  the  mountains 
in  the  W.  They  occupy  over  60,000  square  miles  and  pre- 
sent overy  conceivable  tyi)e  of  scenery.  Those  in  the  S.  W. 
are  particularly  rugged,  while  the  foothills  to  the  E.  remind 
one  more  of  New  England.  To  the  AV.  of  the  Front  Range 
is  a  series  of  great  valleys  or  "parks."  To  the  W.  of  the 
\fosquito  and  Sagrnche  ranges  is  the  great  table  land. 
Over  this  vast  mountain  region  and  through  its  deepest 
canons  one  can  travel  at  ease  by  rail.  See  also  Blue  River 
Range,  Culolia  Range.  Klk  Mts..  Front  Range,  La  Plata 
^fts.,  .^  edicine  Bow  Ranc:e,  Needle  Mts.,  Ouray  Mts.,  Park 
Range,  Pari<s,  Rnmrart  Range.  Snn  .Tuan  Mts.,  San  Miguel 
Mts.,  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  Saguache  Range,  Uncom- 
pahgre  Mts. 

N 

Nathrop,  Chaffee  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.,  J45  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  7,700  ft.  Pop.  50. 
Trout  and  deer  in  vicinity. 

National  (iuard  consisted,  1st  .luue,  1890,  of  about  400 
members,  comprising  2  companies  of  cavalry,  5  of  infantry 
and  a  battery  of  artillery.  The  number  is  at  present  far 
below  normal  owing  to  the  drain  of  the  Spanish  war.  l,0UO 
infantry,  150  cavalry,  100  engineers,  100  artillery  and  100 
recruits  were  enrolled  for  actice  service  and  sent  to 
Manila.    There  are  armories  for  infantry  at  Denver,  Pu- 


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COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


109 


eblo,  Greeley,  Boulder  and  Lake  City,  and  for  cavalry  at 
Denver.    It  is  supported  by  a  poll  tax  of  $1. 

Needle  riountains— A  series  of  short  ranges  on  the  west 
side  of  the  grand  divide,  buttressing  the  San  Juan  Moun- 
tains. It  contains  many  high  isolated  peaks  named  and 
unnamed.  Sheridan  Peak,  12,305  ft.,  La  Plata  Co.,  nearest 
point,  Duraugo.  Aeolus, "  14,054  ft..  La  Plata  Co.,  nearest 
point,  Durango.  Needle  Peak,  14,051  ft..  La  Plata  Co.,  near- 
est point,  Duraugo.  Mount  Oso,  13,755  ft.  La  Plata  Co., 
nearest  point,  Durango.  Pigeons  Peak,  13,928  ft..  La  Plata 
Co.,  nearest  point,  Durango.  Rio  Grande  Pyramid,  14,055 
ft.,  San  Juan  Co.,  nearest  point,  Needleton.  Mount  Kendall, 
13,542  ft.,  San  Juan  Co.,  nearest  point,  Silverton.  Mount 
Canby,  13,350  ft.,  San  Juan  Co.,  nearest  point,  Silverton. 
King  Solomon,  13,550  ft.,  San  Juan  Co.,  nearest  point, 
Silverton.  Sultan,  13,501  ft.,  San  Juan  Co.,  nearest  point, 
Silverton.  The  Hunchback,  13,357  ft.,  San  Juan  Co.,  nearest 
point,  Durango. 

Nevadaville,  Gilpin  Co.  Central  City,  nearest  railroad,  V^ 
m.    Alt.  8,800  ft.    Pop.  1,200.    Important  mining  town. 

Newcastle  Garfield  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  O.  Mid. 
Ry.,  307  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $12.50.  Alt.  5,500  ft.  Pop. 
1,000.  Theater  with  150  seats.  Hotel  $1.50  per  day.  Trout 
and  deer  in  vicinity. 


f                                         NEWSPAPERS                                          I 

1    Dailies 38           Semi-Monthlies  ....    2     1 

I    Semi-Weel<Hes     .   .    3           Monthlies 20     J 

►     Wfkfiklifx:                      2'?7              Ouart«*-H»c ?      < 

\                        Total 

.  .302                          1 

Population 

No.  of 
Period- 
icals 

752 

1.968 

1.137 

585 

302 

People  to     ; 

Every         •* 

Periodical     3 

I    Massachusetts    .   . 

I    New  York 

f    Ohio 

►    Wisconsin     .... 
{    Colorado 

2,500.000 
6,700.000 
4,000.000 
2.000.000 
450.000 

3.324        : 

3.353         : 
3.518        5 

3.418     ; 

1.490        : 

UjLM.«^j*j!.«^.*l.M.M.*i!.M.«4.M.M44.*.«:»JuiJ4Ali^A*jLtJutiL«jL*.^^ 

110  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Newspapers  are  numerous,  well  patronized  and  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  eastern  cities  of  the  same  size.  Of 
publications  devoted  to  special  interests  there  are  many, 
although  a  scattered  population  makes  any  great  growth  in 
this  direction  impossible  at  present.  There  are  about  45 
dailies,  240  weeklies  and  40  miscellaneous  periodicals  now 
published  in  the  state. 

Normal  school  at  Greeley.  Z.  X.  Snyder,  president.  Sup- 
ported by  the  state  and  free  to  residents.  Income  '98  $32,000. 
No.  of  students,  males  GO,  females  243.  It  trains  a  large 
number  of  teachers,  is  Avell  equipped  and  has  a  library  of 
10,000  vols.  Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  presi- 
dent. 

North  Park,  in  Larimer  Co.,  is  somewhat  difficult  of  ac- 
cess but  affords  magnificent  vistas  and  supernal  solitude 
to  the  more  ambitious  explorers.    Alt.  8,500  ft. 


O 

Odd  Fellows— First  lodge  organized  Gth  July,  18G4,  Grand 
Lodge  Nov.,  1867.  Membership  1898,  7,410.  Lodges  are  to 
be  found  all  over  the  state. 

Office  Fixtures-95  per  cent,  of  the  bar,  bank  and  office 
fixtures  sold  in  the  West  is  made  in  Denver.  Value  of  out- 
put 1898,  $300,000;  expended  in  wages,  $45,000. 

Ohio  City,  Gunnison  Co.,  28G  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  reached 
by  stage  from  Parlin,  station  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  Alt.  8,500 
ft.    Pop.  200.    Mining. 

Oil— See  Petroleum. 

Ofathe,  Rio  Grande  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  364  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $13.35.  Pop.  105.  Fruit  raising  and  agri- 
culture. 

Onyx  is  found  in  several  parts  of  the  state  but  in  larger 
quantities  in  Routt  Co.  It  is  of  beautiful  color  and  takes 
a  high  polish.  It  is  not  yet  quarried  to  any  great  extent 
for  want  of  capital. 

Ophir,  San  Miguel  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  423  m. 
S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $1G.90.  Pop.  250.  Gold  and  silver 
mining. 

Osier,  Conejos  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  317  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver.    Pop.  400.    Alt.  9,637  ft. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  111 

Otero  County  is  in  the  S.  E.  County  seat,  La  Junta.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $2,475,676.  It  has  67,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural and  83,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  6,500  acres  are 
planted  with  204,000  fruit  trees.  There  are  20,000  head  of 
cattle  and  12,000  sheep.  Over  $125,000  worth  of  melons 
were  grown  in  1898.  Other  crops  were:  Honey  240,000  lbs., 
wheat  75,000  bushels,  butter  18,000  lbs.,  alfalfa  150,000  tons. 
The  county  is  well  watered  by  over  350  miles  of  irrigating 
canals.  The  melons  produced  around  Rocky  Ford  are 
famous  the  world  over  for  their  fine  flavor.  There  are  two 
canning  factories  whose  product  in  1898  was  $60,000.  There 
are  also  good  flour  mills  and  brick  yards. 

Ouray,  County  seat  of  Ouray  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  R.  G. 
S.  R.  Rs.,  389  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $14.80.  Alt.  7,700 
ft.  Pop.  3,000.  Most  beautifully  situated  in  a  little  valley 
in  the  San  Juan  Mountains,  which  rise  2,000  to  5,000  ft 
above  the  town  and  are  clothed  in  verdure.  The  scenery  is 
almost  the  most  beautiful  in  the  state.  Numerous  hot  min- 
eral springs,  of  high  repute  for  rheumatism,  cutaneous  and 
blood  diseases.  Fine  natural  cave,  the  floor  and  roof  of 
which  are  covered  with  stalactites  and  stalagmites.  Good 
trout  fishing  in  the  Uncompahgre,  which  flows  through  the 
town.  Fine  schools,  churches  and  public  buildings.  Good 
hotels  $3.00  to  $4.00  per  day.  Bathing  accommodations. 
Opera  house  with  500  seats.  Distributing  point  of  a  rich 
mining  district. 

Ouray  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  Ouray  is  the  county  seat. 
Assessed  valuation,  $1,162,265.  It  has  11,000  acres  of 
agricultural  and  22,000  acres  of  grazing  land.  Its  principal 
industry  is  mining.  Value  of  mineral  output  in  1898:  Gold 
$590,000,  silver  $1,750,000,  copper  $230,000,  lead  $300,000. 
The  scenery  of  the  county  is  unique  and  picturesque. 
Mineral  springs  are  found  near  Ouray. 

Ouray  nountains— A  prolongation  of  the  San  Miguel 
Mountains  to  the  north,  uniting  with  the  Uncompahgre 
chain,  which  runs  from  west  to  east.  Mount  Sneffels,  14,430 
ft.,  Ouray  Co.,  nearest  point,  Ouray. 

Overalls— Most  of  the  overalls  and  coarser  grades  of  work- 
ing clothes  sold  in  the  state  are  of  home  manufacture.  The 
value  of  those  made  in  Denver  in  1898  was  $200,000. 


112 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 
P 


Packing  Houses— Denver  is  destined  to  rival  Kansas  City, 
Omaha  and  Chicago  as  a  packing  center.  Large  stock 
yards  are  located  in  the  E.  of  the  city.  In  1898  31,000  head 
of  cattle,  80,000  hogs  and  75,000  sheep— a  total  value  of 
meat,  $3,168,000— were  slaughtered  here. 

Pagosa  Springs,  county  seat  of  Archuleta  Co.,  28  m.  from 
Lumberton,  N.  M.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  the  nearest  rail- 
road point.  Alt.  7,100  ft.  Pop.  250.  Several  hot  mineral 
springs,  153°  F.,  long  known  by  the  Ute  Indians  as  the 
*'Great  Medicine  waters."  Good  hotel  and  bathing  accom- 
modation. ,^j   I  »)i;  ti 


PAlMPP  La KB 

on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R. 

Palisade,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  Colo.  Mid.  Ry.,  443  lii. 
W.  of  Denver.     Alt.  4,741  ft.     Shipping  point  for  cattle. 
Palmer  Lake,  El  Paso  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  ^V: 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  113 

S.  F.  R.  Rs.,  52  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fai-e  $2.05,  round  trip 
$3.15.  Alt.  7,240  ft.  Pop.  250.  Auditorium  with  400  seats. 
Hotel  accommodation  and  good  camping  grounds.  Beauti- 
fully situated  on  the  crest  of  the  "Divide."  A  quiet  and 
favorite  summer  resort.  Cool  in  the  hottest  weather. 
Splendid  bicycle  path  to  Denver.  Glen  Park,  close  at  hand, 
is  the  meeting  place  of  the  Colorado  Chautauqua.  Bass 
and  trout  fishing.     Boating  on  the  lake. 

Paper— Output  of  Denver  paper  mills  1898,  10,000,000  lbs., 
valued  at  $245,000.  Expended  in  wages,  $46,750.  Nearly  all 
the  newspapers  in  the  state  obtain  their  paper  here.  The 
more  expensive  grades  of  paper,  however,  are  not  manu- 
factured. 

Parachute,  Garfield  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  C.  Mid. 
Ry.,  338  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $13.50.  Alt.  5,400  ft.  Pop. 
200.  Trout,  duck,  grouse  and  rabbits  in  vicinity.  Lrarge 
game  in  abundance  within  10  m. 

Park  County  is  in  the  center  of  the  state.  County  seat, 
Fairplay.  Assessed  valuation,  $1,544,153.  It  has  24,000 
acres  of  agricultural,  160,000  acres  of  grazing  and  3,000 
acres  of  coal  lands.  It  has  20,000  head  of  cattle  and  20,000 
sheep.  Mining  is  the  principal  industry.  Value  of  the 
output  1898:  Gold  $162,000,  silver  $130,000,  copper  $6,500, 
lead  $172,000.  The  celebrated  South  Park  covers  a  large 
part  of  the  county  and  attracts  numerous  summer  visitors. 
See  also  South  Park. 

Park  Range— Begins  in  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
state,  marking  the  boundary  lines  of  Routt  and  Larimer 
and  ends  in  the  transvei*se  range  of  the  Arkansas  Moun- 
tains, passing  through  Eagle,  Summit,  Lake,  Park  and 
Chaffee  counties.  Mount  Zirkel,  12,126  ft.,  Larimer  Co. 
Quandary,  14,  269  ft.  Summit  Co.,  nearest  point,  Brecken- 
ridge.  Lincoln,  14,297  ft..  Park  Co.,  nearest  point.  Alma. 
Arkansas,  13,796  ft..  Park  Co.,  nearest  point.  Alma.  Buck- 
skin, 13,961  ft.,  Park  Co.,  nearest  point.  Alma.  Bross,  14,185 
ft..  Park  Co.,  nearest  point.  Alma.  Evans  (No.  2),  13,650 
ft..  Park  Co.,  nearest  point.  Alma.  Sherman,  14,008  ft., 
Park  Co.,  nearest  point.  Alma.  Sheridan  (No.  2),  13,750  ft, 
Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Fairplay.  Horseshoe,  13,909  ft., 
Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Fairplay.  Ptarmigan,  13,738  ft., 
Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Fairplay.    Buffalo  Peak,  13,328  ft., 


114  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Fairplay.  Goat's  Peak,  14,132  ft.. 
Park  Co.,  nearest  point,  Fairplay. 

Parkdale,  Fremont  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  172  m.  S.  of 
Denver,  fare  $6.00.  Alt.  5,800  ft.  Pop.  50.  Largest  ship- 
ping mines  of  kaolin  and  fire  clay  on  the  continent. 

Parks— The  great  valleys  which  extend  from  N.  to  S. 
across  the  middle  of  the  state  are  called  *'parks."  In  most 
cases  they  were  once  the  basins  of  great  lakes.  Lying  at 
an  altitude  of  7,000  or  8,000  ft.,  hemmed  in  by  mountains 
rising  as  much  higher,  they  afford  charming  and  unique 
scenery  and  a  delightful  climate.  They  are  much  fre- 
quented by  tourists  and  are  among  the  most  fertile  parts  of 
the  state.  See  also  Estes  Park,  Middle  Park,  North  Park, 
Perry  Park,  San  Luis  Valley,  South  Park,  Manitou  Park. 

Parlin,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  278  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  100.  Trout,  antelope,  deer, 
rabbits,  grouse  and  prairie  chickens  in  vicinity. 

Patriotic  Societies  are  well  represented.  Members  of  the 
A.  P.  A.,  G.  A.  R.,  Junior  Order  of  American  Mechanics, 
Sons  of  America,  Sons  and  Daughters  of  Veterans  and  of 
the  Revolution  will  find  a  cordial  welcome  awaiting  them 
in  every  part  of  the  state. 

Paving  Stone— Red  and  white  paving  sandstone  is  found 
in  even  strata.  It  is  hard  and  durable  and  is  much  used 
for  sidewalks.  The  supply  is  practically  inexhaustible. 
See  also  Granite,  Marble,  Sandstone. 

Passes— See  Mountain  Passes. 

Peaches  are  grown  extensively  on  the  Western  slope, 
especially  in  the  Grand  Valley.  They  are  of  finer  flavor 
than  the  California  fruit  and  command  higher  prices.  The 
trees  grow  twice  as  fast  there  as  in  the  eastern  states  and 
about  95  per  cent,  of  those  planted  live  to  bear  fruit.  ITie 
yield  is  from  $200  to  $500  per  acre.  The  demand  for  Colo- 
rado peaches  is  increasing  faster  than  the  supply  and  those 
who  engage  in  this  industry  may  be  sure  of  a  liberal  re- 
turn for  their  labor. 

Pears -Over  6,000  acres  are  now  planted  in  pears  in  Colo- 
rado. The  best  fruit  is  raised  in  the  San  Luis  Valley  and 
in  the  Western  fruit  belt. 

Penitentiary  at  Canon  City.  C.  P.  Hoyt,  warden.  No. 
of  inmates  30th  Nov.,  '98,  617.     Income  $96,000. 

Perry  Park,  Douglas  Co.,  48  m.  S.  of  Denver,  5  m.  by 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


115 


stage  from  Larkspur,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  the  nearest 
railroad  point.  Quiet  and  favorite  summer  resort.  The 
scenery  is  unsurpassed.  The  park  is  filled  with  many  re- 
markable rock  formations,  equal  in  unique  grandeur  to 
those  of  the  Garden  of  the  Gods.  The  surrounding  land  is 
fertile  and  well  watered.  Good  accommodation  for  visitors. 
Good  trout  fishing. 

Petersburg,  Arapahoe  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  & 
Sr  F.  R.  Rs.,  8  m.  S.  of  Denver.     Pop.  200.     Agriculture. 

Petroleum-The  only  successful  oil  field  between  Indiana 
and  the  Pacific  coast  is  located  at  Florence.  The  daily 
output  is  2,000  barrels  of  refined  oil  or  730,000  barrels  per 
year,  valued  at  $450,000.  Two  large  modern  refineries  and 
four  large  ore  reduction  works  are  supplied. 

Phillips  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  County  seat,  Holyoke. 
Assessed  valuation,  $659,561.  It  has  294,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural land.  It  is  exclusively  a  farming  and  stock  raising 
coimty.    The  grain  crop  in  1898  was  200,000  bushels. 

Photography-Colorado  is  the  photographer's  paradise. 
The  diversity  of  the  scenery,  the  magnificent  public  and 
private  buildings  and  the  numerous  western  types  of  char- 
acter afford  splendid  objects  for  the  camera.     The  purity 


Scaling  Pike's  Peak 
via  the  Famous  Cog;  Wheel  Railroad 


Photos  by  F.  P.  Stevens, 
Colorado  Springs 


Copyrighted 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  117 

of  the  atmosphere  and  the  great  amount  of  sunshine  are 
equally  favorable  to  this  art.  Good  supply  houses  fitted 
Avlth  dark  rooms  for  the  use  of  amateurs  are  to  be  found 
in  all  the  larger  towns.  Cameras  are  rented  and  develop- 
ing and  printing  done  at  reasonable  rates. 

Pike's  Peak  (14,147  ft.),  just  above  Manitou,  over  80  m. 
S,  of  Denver,  from  which  city  it  is  visible,  was  discovered 
in  1806.  There  is  a  driveway  14  ft.  wide  and  16  m.  long, 
with  an  easy  grade,  from  Cascade  to  the  summit.  The  cog 
railway,  built  on  the  Abt  system  and  perfectly  safe,  makes 
the  ascent  from  Manitou.  It  is  8%  m.  long,  has  an  ascent 
of  8,100  ft.  and  a  maximum  grade  of  25  per  cent.  Fare  for 
round  trip  $5.00.  A  government  observatory  and  an  inn 
are  upon  the  summit.  Sunrise  from  the  top  is  a  sight  not 
to  be  missed.  There  are  in  the  state  25  peaks  of  greater 
altitude. 

Pine  Qrove,  Jefferson  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  42  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  7,500  ft.  Pop.  100.  A  quiet  and  beautiful 
summer  resort.  Good  camping  grounds  and  summer  cot- 
tages.    Board  at  ranches. 

Pingree  Gardens  have  been  established  in  Denver  for  sev- 
eral years,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Woman's  Club,  and 
have  met  with  great  success,  enabling  many  worthy  poor 
to  earn  an  honest  living. 

Pinon,  Pueblo  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  106  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver.     Alt.  5,038  ft.     Pop.  200. 

Pinon,  Montrose  Co.,  reached  from  Placerville  on  the  Rio 
Grande  So.  Ry.,  405  m.  from  Denver.    Rich  placer  deposits. 

Pitkin,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  175  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  9,200  ft.  Pop.  300.  Gold,  silver  and  coal 
mining. 

Pitkin  County  is  in  the  center  of  the  state.  County  seat, 
Aspen.  Assessed  valuation,  $2,387,015.  It  has  15,000  acres 
of  agricultural,  19,000  acres  of  grazing  and  7,000  acres  of 
coal  lands.  Cattle  5,000  head,  sheep  15,000.  Mining  is  the 
principal  industry.  Value  of  output  1898:  Gold  $195,000, 
silver  $2,800,000,  copper  $1,000,  lead  $188,000.  One  of  the 
largest  veins  of  coal  in  the  world  begins  in  the  county.  It 
is  600  m.  long,  from  2  to  5  m.  wide  and  120  ft.  thick.  It  has 
2  flour  mills  and  3  creameries.  Wheat,  poultry,  dairy 
products  are  the  chief  agricultural  features. 


118  COL<)RADO  HAND  BOOK 

Placer,  Costilla  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  212  m.  from 
Denver.    Alt.  8,400  ft.    Pop.  75. 

Placerville,  San  Miguel  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  405  m.  S. 
W.  of  Denver,  fare  $15.80.  Alt.  7,200  ft.  Pop.  200.  Mining 
and  farming. 

Plains  cover  the  E.  half  of  the  state.  Almost  treeless, 
they  resemble  the  prairies  of  which  they  form  the  western 
part  They  are  almost  entirely  given  over  to  agriculture 
and  stock  raising.    See  also  Rainbelt. 


Across  the  Bridge— Platte  Canon 
on  the  Colorado  &  Southern  Ry. 

Platte  Canon— The  trip  up  this  canon  on  the  Colo.  &  So. 
Ry.  is  full  of  varied  scenery.  The  train  climbs  to  the 
point  of  Kenosha  summit,  where  the  magnificent  extent 
of  the  great  South  Park,  60  m.  long  and  30  wide,  encircled 
by  snowy  peaks,  is  seen  lying  far  below.  Crossing  this 
rich  grazing  land,  the  train  climbs  the  continental  range  at 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  119 

Breckenridge  or  Boreas  Pass,  11,470  ft.  altitude.  Down  on 
the  other  side,  through  Breckenridge  aud  the  beautiful 
Blue  Valley  to  Dillon,  and  up  through  Ten-Mile  Canon  with 
its  wild,  rocky  walls,  rich  in  precious  metals,  over  the  main 
range  again  at  Fremont  Pass,  and  thence  to  Leadville. 
Good  summer  cottages  and  camping  grounds  are  to  be 
found  all  along  the  canon. 

PlattevillcWeld  Co.,  on  U.  P.  Ry.,  34  m.  N.  of  Denver. 
Alt.  4,800  ft.    Pop.  500.    Farming. 

Plumbers' Supplies  were  manufactured  in  Denver  to  the 
value  of  $10,000  in  1898. 

Political  Parties— There  are  four  principal  parties  in  the 
state.  Democrats,  Populists,  Republicans  and  Silver  Re- 
publicans. The  minor  parties  like  the  Prohibitionists,  So- 
cialists, etc.,  are  also  represented.  Owing  to  constant  fu- 
sions the  exact  strength  is  not  determined.  The  present 
state  officers  were  elected  by  a  fusion  of  the  Democrats, 
Populists  and  Silver  Republicans.  The  main  opposition 
was  from  the  Republicans.  Vote  1898:  Republicans  50,880, 
Fusion  94,274.  An  estimate  of  the  fusion  parties  gives 
Democrats  40,000,  Populists  30,000,  Silver  Republicans  25,- 
000.  This  is  only  a  guess  and  is  of  little  value.  Read  also 
Diirs  "Political  Campaigns  in  Colorado." 

Poncha  Springs, Chaffee  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  222  m. 
S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $6.30.  Alt.  7,500  ft  Pop.  100. 
Numerous  hot  mineral  springs,  90°  to  185°  F.,  similar  to 
those  at  Hot  Springs,  Ark.,  beneficial  for  rheumatism,  blood 
and  skin  diseases  and  catarrh.  Good  bathing  facilities. 
Fine  hotels  $2.00  to  $2.50  per  day.  Scenery  is  beautiful  and 
sublime.  Climate  very  desirable.  Trout,  deer  and  rabbits 
in  vicinity.     Good  camping  grounds. 


120  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

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Population,  1899,  500,000.  Of  these  about  2  per  cent,  are 
colored,  20  per  cent,  foreign  born  and  nearly  80  per  cent, 
white  native  born.  A  large  portion  of  the  inhabitants  came 
from  the  eastern  states  in  search  of  health.  These  are 
generally  well-to-do  people  and  bring  much  eastern  culture 
and  manners  to  temper  the  wilder  spirit  of  the  West.  From 
1880-90  the  population  increased  112.12  per  cent. 

Postoffice— See  Mails. 

Potatoes  are  raised  largely  in  Weld  Co.  around  Greeley, 
and  in  smaller  quantities  in  all  other  parts  of  the  state. 
Crop  1898,  4,500,000  lbs.,  valued  at  $2,000,000.  About  $400,- 
000  worth  were  exported. 

Poultry— Nearly  $1,000,000  worth  of  poultry  and  eggs  were 
raised  in  1898,  and  this  is  but  50  per  cent,  of  the  total  con- 
sumption in  the  state.  Kansas  furnishes  75  per  cent,  of  the 
poultry  and  60  per  cent,  of  the  eggs  imported.  Much  atten- 
tion is  being  given  to  breeding  and  the  future  of  this  in- 
dustry is  very  bright.  Eggs  sell  from  20c  to  25c  per  dozen 
the  year  round.  Annual  poultry  shows  are  held  at  Denver, 
Colorado  Springs,  Pueblo,  Greeley  and  on  the  Western 
slope.  Turkeys  and  ducks  are  exceedingly  prolific,  but, 
so  far,  have  not  been  extensively  cultivated. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


121 


ailCKEN6»N  COLORADO 

1660  -    140  OOO        ^HPy 
lOaO   -  750.000 

I6&3  -  I.IOO.OOO 


The  Great  Natural  Parks  of  Colorado 

Printing— In  addition  to  the  newspaper  plants,  there  are 
many  finely  equipped  printing  oflSces  in  Colorado,  especially 
in  Denver.  One  firm  has  established  such  a  reputation  for 
fine  work  that  it  receives  unsolicited  orders  even  from  New 
York  and  New  England.  The  wages  are  higher  than  in 
almost  any  other  state  in  the  Union,  but  the  price  of  the 
finished  work  is  kept  as  low  as  for  the  same  grade  of  work 
in  the  East.    See  also  Newspapers,  Publishing. 

Prowers  County  is  in  the  S.  E.  County  seat,  Lamar.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $1,348,235.  It  has  126,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural and  106,000  acres  of  grazing  land,  15,000  cattle, 
12,000  sheep  and  3,000  hogs.  It  is  an  agricultural  county, 
the  chief  crops  being  grain,  fruit  and  cattle.  Value  of  farm 
products  1898,  $2,000,000. 

Public  Lands— See  Land. 

Publishing-In  addition  to  the  regular  newspapers  and 
periodicals  a  large  number  of  books,  mostly  guide  books, 
reform  literature  and  the  works  of  Colorado  authors,  are 
published  in  the  state.  One  firm  has  published  many  finely 
illustrated  books,  mostly  descriptive  of  Colorado;  another 
has  brought  out  many  valuable  volumes  of  legal  works; 
while  still  a  third  is  engaged  in  reprinting  the  original 
edition  of  Burton's  Arabian  Nights.  See  also  Newspapers, 
Printing. 

Pueblo,  county  seat  of  Pueblo  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry., 


122 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


D.  &  R.  G.,  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.,  0.,  R.  I.  &  P.  and  M.  P.  R.  Rs., 

120  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $4.60,  round  trip  $7.00  Alt. 
4,660  ft.  Pop.  45,000.  It  is  on  the  Arkansas  river  and  is 
the  center  of  a  productive  agricultural,  mining  and  stock 
raising  district.  It  has  the  largest  iron  and  steel  works 
between  the  Missouri  and  the  Pacific,  output  '98  223,897 
tons;  3  large  smelters,  2  blast  furnaces,  numerous  machine 
shops  and  other  manufactures,  4  national  and  1  savings 
banks,  3  daily  papers.  Good  hotels  $2.00  to  $4.00  per  day. 
2  opera  houses  with  1,200  and  1,100  seats,  respectively;  39 


Special  work  done  on  short  notice 
Silk  Dyeing  a  specialty 

.,..THt: .... 

QUEEN  CITY 
DYE  WORKS 

A.  STEIN,  PROP. 

Ladies'  and  Gents' 
Clothing:  of  every 
description  Cleaned 
Dyed  and  refinished 

Work  called  for  and  delivered 
Out-of-town  orders  given 

special  attention 
Office,  1848  Stout  Street 

PHONE,  1878 

DENVER,  COLO. 


Send  for 

new 

catalogue 


TKE  FAMOUS  PUEBLO  SADDLE 

R.  T.  FRAZIER 

MAKER 

Formerly  of 

S.  C.  Gallop  &  Fra:{ier 

PUEBLO,  COLO. 


Grand  Hotel 


Rates 

$2.50  to  $4.00 


W.  S.  LANOFORD,  Proprietor. 

Colorado  Lithia  Water  used  exclusively. 


Pueblo,  Colo. 


124 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


churches,  16  public  and  many  fine  private  schools,  public 
library  of  12,000  vols.  The  Mineral  Palace  is  a  place  of 
permanent  exhibition  of  the  resources  of  the  state.  Site  of 
State  Insane  Asylum  and  7  other  hospitals,  etc.  Mineral 
springs,  80°  F.,  good  for  Bright's  disease,  etc.  Numerous 
artesian  vrells;  30  oil  wells  within  a  few  miles.  Extensive 
stock  yards.    Warm  climate  in  winter. 

Pueblo  County  is  in  the  S.  Ck)unty  seat,  Pueblo.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $13,055,150.  It  has  38,000  acres  of  agricul- 
tural, 490,000  acres  of  grazing  land  and  2,000  acres  of  or- 
chards, 31,000  cattle  and  10,000  sheep.  There  are  3  smelters 
at  Pueblo  and  the  iron  and  steel  works  of  the  Colorado 
Fuel  and  Iron  Ck>.  as  well  as  many  other  manufacturing 
establishments.     Value  of  farm  products  1898,  $600,000. 


Railroads— There  are  15  railroads  and  4,519  miles  of  track 
in  the  state,  nearly  .01  mile  to  each  inhabitant.    The  roads     j 
employ  12,000  men  and  pay  $10,000,000  a  year  in  wages.     1 


Map  Showing  All  Railroads  in  Colorado 


Pueblo  Buildings  and  Scenes 


126 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


First  rails  laid  in  the  state  (Denver  Pacific— Cheyenne  to 
Denver)  in  1868;  completed  1870.  Ten  miles  of  track  on 
the  D.  &  R.  G.  cost  $1,400,000— some  of  the  most  expensive 
road  in  the  U.  S.  The  roads  are  well  equipped  and  traverse 
the  most  beautiful  parts  of  the  state.  The  principal  roads 
are  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  Colo.  Midland,  D.  &  R.  G.  Ry.,  Santa 
Fe  and  U.  P.  R.  R.  The  Pike's  Peak  Cog  Wheel  Railroad, 
though  only  a  few  miles  long,  cost  $500,000,  and  is  a  notable 
example  of  engineering  enterprise. 

Railroads— See  also  Colorado  &  Southern  Ry.,  Colorado 
Midland  R.  R.,  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R.,  Florence  & 
Cripple  Creek  R.  R.  and  Golden  Circle  R.  R. 

Rainbelt— The  rainbelt  is  an  almost  semi-circular  tract  in 
the  E.  part  of  the  state,  between  the  Platte  and  Arkansas 
rivers,  extending  W.  into  the  E.  of  El  Paso  and  Elbert 
counties.  Farming  is  conducted  without  irrigation  and  is 
similar  in  climate  to  Western  Kansas.  It  is  a  good  district 
for  cattle  ranges  and  hay. 


Fifteen  railroads    operate    in  *| 

Colorado,    having     within    the  ^ 

borders  of  the  State  a  total  of  | 

4,762.84  miles  of  track.    The  t 

railroads    give    employment  to  t 

about  12.000  men  living  in  the  t 

State,   and    pay    each    year    in  2 

wages  to  employes  about  $10,-  s 

000.000.  t 


i  RAILROADS  IN  COLORADO 


Population 

Area  in 
Sq.  Miles 

Miles  of 
Railroad 

Population 
per  mile 

Vermont 

Massachusetts    .   . 
Colorado 

332,000 

2.240.000 

450,000 

10.212 

7.800 

104.000 

1,000 
2.500 
4.700 

340 

1,000 

96 

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COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


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Rainfall  in  Colorado 

Diag:ram  showing:  raln-fall  by  months  in  different  sections 
of  Colorado 

Rainfall—Total  precipitation  at  Denver  1898,  12.98  inches. 
Average  annual  precipitation  for  27  years:  Denver  14.4 
Ins.,  Colorado  Springs  14.4  ins.,  Pueblo  12.0  ins.  See  also 
Climate,  Sunshine,  Weather,  Wind. 

Rampart  Range— Pike's  Peak,  14,147  ft,  El  Paso  Co., 
nearest  point,  Manitou  Springs. 

Real  Estate— The  inflated  values  of  boom  times  have  been 
followed  by  a  long  period  of  reaction.  The  market  is  now 
beginning  to  show  an  upward  tendency.  Prices  are  still  far 
below  normal  but  will  in  all  probability  increase  rapidly  in 
the  near  future.    See  also  Land. 

Red  Cliff,  county  seat  of  Eagle  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R., 
300  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.65.  Alt.  8,300  ft.  Pop.  1,200. 
Good  hotel  $2.00  per  day  and  up.  Opera  house  with  500 
seats.  Fine  view  of  the  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross.  Moun- 
tain climbing  and  good  hunting  and  fishing.  Prosperous 
mining  town. 

Reformatory  at  Buena  Vista,  ,  warden, 

for  male  convicts  between  16  and  30  years  of  age,  at  the 
option  of  the  court.  The  indeterminate  sentence  is  in  force 
and  giving  good  results.  No.  of  inmates  30th  Nov.,  '98,  78. 
Income  '98,  37,000. 

Resources-See  Agriculture,  Climate,  Forests,  Fruit,  Man- 
ufactures, Mining,  Stock  Raising  and  under  the  name  of 
each  specific  branch  of  each  industry,  e.  g.,  Apples,  Coal, 
Gold,  Potatoes,  Silver,  Smelters,  etc. 


128  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Rico,  county  seat  of  Dolores  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  445 
m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  via  Ridgway  $18.15,  via  Durango 
$20.90.  Alt  8,700  ft  Pop.  1,500.  Prosperous  mining  town 
on  the  Dolores  river.  Good  hotel  $3.00  per  day.  Opera 
house  with  400  seats.  Trout  in  Trout  Lake  16  m.  away. 
Grouse,  deer  and  rabbits  in  vicinity. 

Ridgway.  Ouray  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  R.  G.  S.  R.  Rs., 
378  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $14.20.    Alt  7,000  ft.    Pop  600. 

Rifle,  Garfield  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  and  C.  Mid.  Ry., 
321  m.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $13.00.  Alt.  5,400  ft.  Pop.  500. 
Daily  stage  to  Hahn'3  Peali.  Trout,  deer  and  elk  in  vicin- 
ity.    Good   scenery.     Mild  climate. 

Rio  Blanco  County  is  in  the  N.  W.  County  seat.  Meeker. 
Assessed  valuation,  $771,044.  It  has  57,500  acres  of  agricul- 
tural land,  25,000  head  of  cattle  and  6,000  horses.  Stock 
raising  is  the  principal  industry. 

Rio  Grande  County  is  in  the  S.  County  seat,  Del  Norte. 
Assessed  valuation,  $1,578,464.  It  has  67,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural, 76,000  acre*  of  grazing  and  1,900  acres  of  coal 
lands,  7,000  head  of  cattle,  19,000  sheep  and  5,000  horses. 
Value  of  mineral  products  1898:  Gold  $27,000' and  silver 
$5,000.  The  county  is  fertile  and  rich  in  minerals  but  is 
practically  undeveloped. 

Rivers— There  are  eight  principal  rivers  in  the  state,  the 
Arkansas,  the  Dolores,  Green  river.  Grand  river,  the  Gunni- 
son, Rio  Grande,  San  Juan  and  South  Platte.  These  rivers, 
with  their  tributaries,  are  plentifully  stocked  with  moun- 
tain trout.  They  furnish  bountiful  supplies  of  water  for 
irrigation  and  water  power  that  could,  if  fully  utilized, 
run  all  the  machinery  in  the  world.  See  also  Fishing,  Irri- 
gation, Water  Power. 

Robinson,  Summit  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  295  m.  W. 
of  Denver.  Alt.  10,780  ft.  Pop.  600.  Mining.  From  this 
point  Mount  of  Holy  Cross  can  be  seen. 

Rock  Drills— Nearly  all  the  power  drills  used  in  the  mines 
are  worked  by  compressed  air.  During  the  last  two  years 
a  Colorado  inventor  has  brought  out  and  sold  extensively, 
both  at  home  and  abroad,  a  rock  drill  which  is  operated  on 
radically  different  principles  from  the  type  which  has  been 
in  use  for  the  past  40  years.  The  success  of  this  drill  has 
added  greatly  to  the  reputation  of  Colorado-made  mining 
machinery.    See  also  Mining  Machinery. 


1 

W*                                THE 

"NEWLEYNER" 

^^  _   ^              ROCK 

FBMf"            DRILL 

1  V              Nearly  200  sold  the  first  year 

^Ji.            and   now  in  practical    use. 

Efficiency 

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approve 

Sto 

J.  GEO. 

Edw.  p.  Allis  Cc 

Sole  A 

^^^^         A    radical    departure    from    the 

^^^^          old    type    and    system,    but    its 

,       Durability    and     Economy 

Have  been  thoroughly  established. 

nth   Drill  Men   because  of  Us   LIGHTNESS, 
d   hy   Practical   Miners  and   a   boon    to 
ckholders   in   Mines   because  of  its 
ECONOMY. 

LEYNER,  Inventor  and  Manufacturer 

36th  and  Wazee  Sts.  and 
Albany  Hotel  Building 

DENVER,  COLO. 

130 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Rockvale,  Fremont  Co.,  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  36  m. 

W.  of  Pueblo.     Pop.  900.     Coal  mining. 

Rocky  Ford,  Otero  Co.,  on  A.,  T.  &  kS.  F.  R.  R.,  170  m. 
S.  E.  of  Denver.  Alt.  4,000  ft.  Pop.  1,500.  Beautifully 
situated  in  the  center  of  the  fruit  raising  section  of  the 
Arkansas  Valley.  Melon  day  is  celebrated  every  summer. 
One  of  the  most  fertile  and  healthy  places  in  the  state. 
Cool  in  summer  and  mild  in  winter.  Splendid  artesian 
wells.  Pine  public  and  business  buildings.  Good  schools 
and  churches,  mills  elevator  and  canning  factory.  Good 
hotels.    Plenty  of  water  for  irrigation. 

Romero,  Conejos  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  7  m.  N.  of 
Antonito,  in  the  heart  of  the  celebrated  San  Luis  Valley 
wheat  belt.     Alt.  7,600  ft. 

Roofing  riaterials— Elaterite  is  found  extensively  in  the 
western  part  of  the  state,  and  is  manufactured  in  Denver 
into  roofing  on  cloth,  put  up  into  rolls.  This  material  is 
rapidly  superseding  tin  as  a  waterproof  covering  for  roofs. 
It  is  used  extensively  in  the  covering  of  all  kinds  of  cars, 
engine  cabs  and  railroad  work  in  general,  as  well  as  on 
buildings.  It  is  purely  a  Colorado  industry.  Output  for  the 
first  five  months  of  1899,  600,000  sq.  ft. 

.*^lWAYS  on    Top., 


EuHlSK 


For  all  kinds  of 
Flat  and  Steel  Roof  4 

Not  Paper,  but  a 

Cloth  Center 

well  coated  with  our 

non-drying;,  pliable,  and 

durable  Elaterite 

Roofing  Material 


•  TRADE  MARK  • 


MANUF\CTU3ED 
BY  THE 


Used  for  Business 
Blocks.  Mills,  Factories, 
Farm -Houses,  Barns, 
and  by  Railroads 
for  Depots,  Round- 
Houses,  Cars,  etc. 
Prices,  circulars  and 
samples  on  application 


WESTERN     ELATERITE     M'F'G    CO. 

3rd  and  Market  Sts.     DENVER,  COLO 


office 

410  Equitable  Building 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  131 

Rouse,  Huerfano  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  185  m.  S.  of 
Denver.     Alt.  6,500  ft.     Pop.  1,500.     Coal  mininj?. 

Routt  County  Is  in  the  N.  W. County  Seat,  Hahn's  Peak. 
Assessed  valuation,  $1,240,578.  It  has  27,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural, 110,000  acres  of  grazing  lands.  Stock  raising  is 
the  principal  industry.  Value  of  live  stock,  1898,  $2,000,000. 
Onyx  and  marble  are  being  shipped.  Value  of  mineral  out- 
put '98:  Gold  $9,000,  silver  $4,000,  lead  $3,000.  The  county 
is  at  present  almost  undeveloped.  Great  things  are  in 
store  for  it  in  the  future. 

Royal  Gorge —See  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas. 

Ruby,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  322  m.  from 
Denver.    Alt.  8.962  ft. 

Russell  Gulch,  Gilpin  Co.,  2  m.  S.  of  Central  City.  Alt. 
9,000  ft.     Pop.  200.     Rich  mining  district. 


Sacred  Heart  College— See  Jesuit  College. 

Saddles  and  Harness  to  the  value  of  $175,000  were  made 
in  Denver  in  1898.  This  is  principally  composed  of  heavy 
goods  for  the  use  of  cowboys,  etc. 

Saguache,  county  seat  of  Saguache  Co.  Daily  stage  from 
Villa  Grove,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  the  nearest  railroad  point. 
Alt.  7,600  ft.     Pop.  600. 

Saguache  County  is  in  the  S.  County  seat,  Saguache. 
Assessed  valuation,  $1,996,977.  It  contains  71,000  acres  of 
agricultural  and  254,00)0  acres  of  grazing  land.  It  has  85 
miles  of  irrigating  canals  and  over  400  miles  of  lat-?rals. 
Farm  crops  1898:  Wheat  600,000.  bushels,  oats  200,000 
bushels,  barley  2,500  bushels,  potatoes  4,000  bushels,  hay 
25,000  tons,  wool  50,000  pounds.  Mineral  output  '98:  Gold 
$14,000,  silver  $1,000,  copper  and  lead  $1,000.  Coal  and  iron 
are  also  found  in  large  quantities. 

Saguache  Range— Begins  in  Eagle  Co.  and  runs  parallel 
with  the  Park  Range,  the  Arkansas  river  flowing  between 
them  in  the  southern  region.  It  traverses  Lake  and  Chaffee 
counties  and  ends  in  the  Cochetopa  Hills,  the  central  part 
of  the  Continental  Divide.  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross,  14,176 
ft.,  Eagle  Co.,  nearest  point,  Red  Clife.  Homestake,  13,073 
ft.,  Eagle  Co.,  nearest  point,  Red  Cliff.     Mount  Massive, 


13  2  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

14,424  ft,  Lake  Co.,  nearest  point,  Leadville.  Elbert,  14,436 
ft..  Lake  Co.,  nearest  point,  Leadville.  La  Plata  Peak, 
14,302  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  point,  Buena  Vista.  Harvard, 
14,375  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  point,  Buena  Vista.  Yale, 
14,187  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  point  Buena  Vista.  Prince- 
ton, 14,1S9  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  ix)int,  Salida.  Antero, 
14,245  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  point,  Salida.  Shavano, 
14,239  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  point,  Maysville.  Ouray, 
14,055  ft.,  Chaffee  Co.,  nearest  point,  Marshall  Pass. 

Saint  Elmo,  Chaffee  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  159  m.  S. 
W.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.00.    Alt.  9,950  ft'  Pop.  500.     Mining. 

Salida.  Chaffee  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  216  m.  S.  W.  of 
Denver,  fare  $4.50.  Alt.  7,050  ft.  Pop.  4,500.  Important 
railroad  point.  Distributing  point  for  the  Arkansas  and 
San  Luis  Valleys,  the  Gunnison  country  and  surrounding 
mining  districts.  Beautiful  scenery  and  fine  climate.  Good 
schools  and  churches.  Substantial  business  buildings  and 
residences.  Opera  house  with  800  seats.  Good  hotels. 
Poncha  Hot  Springs  5  m.  and  Wellsville  Hot  Springs  6  m. 
away.     Fine  trout  fishing.     Monthly  pay  roll,  $75,000. 

Salina,  Boulder  Co.,  38  m.  N.  W.  of  Denver.  Pop.  350. 
Mining. 

Salt— Mo«t  of  the  park  region  and  the  country  to  the  west 
is  underlain  with  salt  and  coal. 

Salvation  Army,  The,  does  much  missionary  work.  It 
has  a  colony  of  640  acres  in  the  Arkansas  Valley,  organized 
on  socialistic  principles.     Founded  1898. 

San  Juan  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  County  seat,  Silverton. 
Assessed  valuation,  $1,365,387.  It  is  the  center  of  the  San 
Juan  mining  region.  Value  of  mineral  output  1898:  Gold 
$715,000,  silver  $666,000,  copper  $155,000,  lead  $285,000. 

San  Juan  Hountains  —  This  range  is  the  southern  part 
of  the  Continental  Divide.  It  has  many  lateral  ranges, 
like  buttresses,  and  its  general  course  is  from  southeast  to 
northwest,  where  it  joins  with  the  Uncompahgre  Range 
and  the  Cochetopa  Hills.  It  is  very  little  known,  and  eon- 
tains  many  high  and  unnamed  mountains.  It  is  spread 
over  Saguache,  Hinsdale  (southern  part),  Archuleta,  Rio 
Grande  and  Conejos  counties.  Stewart  Peak,  14,032  ft, 
Saguache  Co.,  nearest  point.  Lake  City.  San  Luis  Peak, 
14,100  ft.,  Saguache  Co.,  nearest  point,  Lake  City.  Mesa 
Peak,  13,131  ft,  Saguache  Co.,  nearest  point,  Lake  City. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


133 


Bristol  Head,  12,840  ft.,  Hinsdale  Co.  Red  Cloud,  14,(il)2 
ft.,  Hinsdale  Co.,  nearest  point,  Lake  City.  Handles  Peak, 
14,149  ft.,  Hinsdale  Co.,  nearest  point.  Lake  City.  Pole 
Creek  Peak,  13,400  ft,  Hinsdale  Co.,  nearest  point.  Lake 
City.  San  Juan  Peak,  12,506  ft.,  Hinsdale  Co.  Macomb's 
Peak,  13,154  ft.,  Hinsdale  Co.,  nearest  point,  AVagon  Wheel 
Gap.  Bellevue  Peak,  Rio  Grande  Co.,  nearest  point,  Del 
Norte.  Del  Norte  Peak,  13,081  ft.,  Rio  Grande  Co.,  nearest 
point,  Del  Norte.  Conejos,  13,387  ft.,  Rio  Grande  Co., 
nearest  point,  Pagosa  Springs.  Banded  Peak,  12.824  ft., 
Archuleta  Co.,  nearest  point,  Pagosa  Springs.  Simpson's 
Peak,  14,005  ft.,  Rio  Grande  Co.,  nearest  ix)int,  Del  Norte. 
San  Luis,  county  seat  of  Costilla  Co.,  17  m.  from  Gar- 
land, the  nearest  railroad  point.     Pop.  800. 


Mt.  Abrams  and  Ouray  Toll  Road 
on  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.  R. 


The  Colorado 
Valley  Land  Co. 


Easy  Terms 


HAVE  NEARLY  25,000  ACWES 
OF  IRRIGATED  AGRICULTURAL 
LAND     TO    SELL     OR   RENT    ON 

Denver  office   of  the  above  Company— Cor.  17th  and 
Curtis     Street,      in     Ernest    and     Cranmer    Building. 

F.  C.  GOUDY,  MANAGER 

General  Agents    of    Land    Dept. 

JAMES  A    KELLY  &  CO.,  Honte  Vista,  Colo. 

Office  under  the  Hotel   Blanca. 

Special  Rates  to  Land  Seekers  at  Hotel  Blanca 


Zeph.  Chas.  Felt 

^    207  Boston  Building   ^ 
<^    Denver  : :    Colorado    ^ 


SPECIALTIES 

Lands  and  Water  Rights 
in  the  famous  San  Luis 
Valley^  Wheat  ^  Belr. 
The  Romero  Canal  Co. 
Romero  ^^  Town  ^  Lots. 
Ranch   Loans.    ^  j^   ^ 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  135 

San  Luis  Valley  is  in  the  S.  of  the  state.  Length  100  m., 
width  60  m.,  area  9,400  sq.  ra.,  altitude  6,400  ft.  Watered 
by  30  mountain  streams  and  6,000  flowing  artesian  wells, 
it  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  natural  parks.  Crops  1898: 
Wheat,  1,500,000  bushels,  oats  $100,000,  hay  and  alfalfa 
$200,000,  potatoes  $100,000.  Stock  raising  is  extensively 
conducted  and  rich  gold  and  silver  mines  are  found  in  the 
surrounding  mountains.  Good  coal  beds  near  Monte  Vista 
and  also  70  m.  further  S.  The  valley  is  an  almost  level 
plain,  covered  with  natural  grass  and  surrounded  by  moun- 
tains 11,000  to  15,000  ft.  high.  Excellent  climate,  good 
fishing  and  comfortable  accommodation.  Reached  by  D. 
&  R.  G.  R.  R.  by  way  of  Alamosa. 

San  niguel.  San  Miguel  Co.,  on  R.  G.  So.  R.  R.,  422  m. 
S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $14.80.     Alt.  8,200  ft.    Pop.  50. 

San  niguel  County  is  in  the  S.  W.  County  seat,  Tellu- 
ride.  Assessed  valuation,  $1,312,586.  It  has  3,300  acres  of 
agricultural  and  20,000  acres  of  grazing  lands.  Mining  is 
the  principal  industry.  Value  of  output  1898:  Gold  $1,- 
500,000,  silver  $500,000,  copper  $40,000,  lead  $160,000.  Elec- 
trical power  was  first  introduced  into  the  mines  here  and 
is  now  used  extensively. 

San  niguel  riountains— Unnamed,  14,075  ft.,  San  Miguel 
Co.,  nearest  point,  Telluride.  Lizard  Head,  14,160  ft,  San 
Miguel  Co.,  nearest  point.  Trout  Lake.  Mount  Wilson, 
14,309  ft.,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Ophir.  Dolores  Peak, 
13,502  ft.,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Ophir.  Mount  Dolores, 
12,703  ft,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Rico.  Unnamed,  13,890 
ft.,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Rico.  Mount  Freeman, 
12,703  ft,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Rico.  Mount  Elliott, 
12,516  ft.,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Rico.  Anchor,  12,542 
ft,  Dolores  Co.,  nearest  point,  Rico.  Lone  Cone,  12,635  ft., 
San  Miguel  Co.,  nearest  point,   Telluride. 

Sandstone  abounds  throughout  the  mountains.  Red  and 
white  paving  stone  is  found  in  even  strata  and  is  hard  and 
durable.  A  large  variety  of  building  stone  of  the  finest 
quality  is  quarried.  The  supply  is  suflacient  for  the  whole 
country. 

Sangre  de  Cristo  Range— It  unites  at  its  northern  point 
with  the  Arkansas  Hills,  which  run  east  and  west,  and 
with  the  Cochetopa  Hills,  which  run  from  the  southwest 
to  the  northeast  and  which  form  a  part  of  the  Continental 


136  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Divide.  (N.  B.— There  are  many  unnamed  peaks  above 
13,000  ft.  in  this  range.)  Hunt's  Feak,  12,440  ft.,  Fremont 
Co.,  nearest  point,  Poncha.  Rito  Alto,  12,803  ft,  Custer  Co., 
nearest  point.  Villa  Grove.  Silesia  Peak,  13,600  ft.,  Custer 
Co.,  nearest  point.  Hot  Springs.  Gibson  Peak,  13,729  ft., 
Custer  Co.,  nearest  point,  Hot  Springs.  Horn  Peak,  13,447 
ft.,  Custer  Co.,  nearest  point,  Moftat.  Crestone,  14,233  ft., 
Grant  No.  4,  nearest  point,  Mofieat.  Humboldt,  14,041  ft., 
Custer  Co.,  nearest  point.  Silver  Cliff.  Sierra  Blanca,  14,483 
ft.,  Costilla  Co.,  nearest  point,  Alamosa.  Old  Baldy,  14,176 
ft.,  Costilla  Co.,  nearest  point,  Blanca.  Gray  back,  13,615 
ft.,  Costilla  Co.,  nearest  point,  Blanca. 

Sapphires  are  found  in  Southern  Colorado. 

Sapinero,  Gunnison  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  316  m.  S. 
W.  of  Denver,  fare  $10.45.  Alt.  7,200  ft.  Pop.  100.  Trout, 
bear,  deer,  mountain  lion,  mountain  sheep,  elk,  rabbits  and 
sage  hens  in  vicinity. 

Sargents,  Saguache  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  259  m.  S. 
of  Denver,  fare  $8.55.  Alt.  8,400  ft.  Pop.  60.  Cattle  rais- 
ing and  mining.    Trouf,  antelope  and  deer. 

Saw  Pit,  San  Miguel  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.  Pop.  409. 
New  and  flourishing  mining  camp. 

Scenery-Colorado  presents  every  variety  of  scenery,  ex- 
cept marine.  In  the  E.  are  30,000  sq.  m.  of  rolling  plain, 
occasionally  traversed  by  great  rivers  and  wide  valleys. 
The  mountains,  occupying  over  60,000  sq.  m.,  present  every 
type  of  moutain  scenery  which  rivals  even  that  of  Swit- 
zerland. The  wider  valleys  and  "parks"  present  more  the 
peaceful  scene  of  New  England.  The  canons  are  as  diver- 
sified as  the  mountains.  No  two  are  alike.  To  get  an  idea 
of  the  scenery  it  is  necessary  to  go  all  over  the  state.  No 
mountain  range,  no  canon,  no  river  valley  can  be  taken  as 
typical  of  the  others.  The  atmosphere  is  so  clear  that 
the  view  often  extends  60  miles  in  each  direction.  All  idea 
of  distance  is  lost  in  the  extent  and  grandeur  of  the  view. 
See  also  Mountains,  Parks,  Plains,  Rivers. 

School  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind  at  Colorado  Springs.  D. 
O.  Dudley,  Supt.  Supported  by  the  state.  Attendance  1898: 
Blind  boys  18,  girls  21;  deaf  boys  37,  girls  37;  total  113. 
Full  particulars  on  application  to  the  superintendent. 

School  of  Mines,  at  Golden.  Regis  Chauvenet,  Prest. 
Supported  by  the  state  and  free  to  residents.    Income  $37,- 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


Lake  San  Christobal 
on  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  R.R. 

400.  183  pupils,  G  of  whom  come  from  foreign  countries. 
One  of  the  best  technical  schools  in  the  country.  Well 
equipped  with  a  competent  faculty,  an  extensive  mineral 
museum  and  fine  laboratories.  Full  information  on  appli- 
cation to  the  president. 

Schools-See  Education. 

Secret  Societies-All  secret  societies  are  well  represented 
throughout  the  state.  A  member  of  any  of  them  will  find 
**brothers"  wherever  he  may  go  and  will  be  treated  in  a 
truly  fraternal  manner.  See  also  Knights  of  Pythias, 
Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  United  Moderns,  Patriotic  Societies. 

5edalia,  Douglas  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 
R.  Rs.,  25  m.  S.  of  Denver,  fare  $1.00.  Alt.  5,800  ft.  Pop. 
200.    Trout,  deer  and  small  game  40  m.  S.  W. 

Sedgwick  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  County  seat,  Julesburg. 
Assessed  valuation,  $664,971.  It  has  20,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural and  208,000  acres  of  grazing  land  and  over  40  m. 
of  main  irrigation  ditches.  Agriculture  is  the  principal  in- 
dustry. 

Seven  Falls-See  Cheyenne  Canon. 

Seven  Lakes— See  Grand  Lake. 

Sheep-There  are  300,000  lambs,  500,000  ewes  and  200,000 
wethers  in  the  state.  Wool  in  '98  averaged  7  lbs.  per  fleece, 
giving  a  total  of  7,000,000  lbs.,  which,  valued  at  12c  per 
lb.,  gives  a  total  value  of  $S40,000. 

Shenandoah  of  Colorado-A  fertile  and  well  watered  agri- 
cultural district  of  80,000  acres.     Situated  in  Montrose  and 


138  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

San  Miguel  counties,  35  m.  due  S.  of  Montrose.  Mild  and 
equable  climate.     Beautiful  scenery. 

Sheridan  Lake  county  seat  of  Kiowa  Co.,  on  M.  P.  R.  R., 
70  m.  from  Las  Animas.    Alt.  4,000  ft.     Pop.  250. 

Shirts  to  the  value  of  $30,000  were  manufactured  in  Den- 
ver in  1898. 

Shoes-In  addition  to  the  product  of  small  shoemakers, 
the  shoe  factory  at  Denver  has  an  output  of  600  pairs  per 
day. 

Silver  flining:  began  on  a  large  scale  about  1870.  The 
opening  of  the  Leadville  mines  In  1877  revealed  measureless 
resources  of  this  metal  in  nearly  all  the  mountain  counties. 
The  largest  nugget  of  native  silver  ever  mined  was  taken 
from  Smuggler  mine.  Aspen,  in  1894,  weight  1,840  lbs.,  91 
per  cent,  silver.  Output  1898,  $15,900,000,  about  three-fifths 
of  the  value  of  the  gold  output  for  that  year. 

Silver  Cliff,  county  seat  of  Custer  Co.,  in  the  Wet  Moun- 
tain Valley,  26  m.  from  Cotopaxi  station  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R. 
R.     Alt.  8,000  ft.     Pop.  500.    Mining  and  agriculture. 

Silver  Plume,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  54  m. 
W.  of  Denver,  fare  $2.95,  round  trip  $3.95.  Alt.  8,000  ft. 
Pop.  800.  Silver  mining.  Hotels  $2.00  per  day.  Magnificent 
scenery.     Cool  in  summer. 

Silverton,  county  seat  of  San  Juan  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G. 
R.  R.,  Silverton  &  Northern  and  proposed  line  to  be  run 
from  Silverton  to  Lake  City,  495  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare 
$20.90.  Alt.  9,200  ft.  Pop.  3,000.  Good  schools  and 
churches.  Hotel  $3.00  per  day.  It  is  the  distributing  center 
for  the  rich  San  Juan  mining  district.  Situated  in  Baker's 
Park.  The  scenery  rivals  that  of  Switzerland.  Lumber 
yards,  bottling  works  and  other  manufactures.  Trout  and 
deer  in  vicinity.  Fine  climate.  Well  known  mines  in  the 
vicinity  are  the  Silver  Lake,  Iowa,  Gold  King  and  Sunny- 
side.    800  men  employed  with  pay  roll  $75,000  a  month. 

Slaughter  Houses-See  Packing  Houses. 

Smelters-There  are  18  smelters  and  reduction  plants  in 
the  state.  The  largest  are  located  at  Denver  and  Pueblo. 
The  most  improved  methods  of  treating  ore  are  practiced. 
The  various  processes  are  of  great  interest  to  the  layman 
as  well  as  to  the  specialist.  No  one  has  seen  Colorado  who 
has  not  been  through  at  least  one  smelter.     Total  output 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


139 


AMOUNT   SPENT   PER 

CAPITA    FOR    SCHOOLS 

EAST  AND  WEST 

Amount  per  capita  (total  pop.) 
per  annum  expended  for  scliools : 

Montana $20  61 

Colorado 15.40 

Utah      10.84 

Nevada 22.89 

Idaho 8.18 

Average $11  27 


New  Hampshire   ....  $   9-52  ? 

Vermont  ^  ^"  2 

I  Rhode   Island 16.50  5 

t  New  York 15  21   J 

[  Pennsylvania 8. 67  J 

Average $11.27  | 


SCHOOLS  5 

What  some  leading:  States  are  3 

willing  to  do  for  the  educa-      J 

tion  of  their  children.  ^ 


Spent  for  Public  Schools  per  J 
capita  in  1890:  J 


In  Massachusetts  .   . 

.   $22.30 

In  New  York    .   .    .   . 

.      16.69 

In  Pennsylvania  .   .    . 

.      12.69 

In  Wisconsin   .... 

.      10.55 

In  Iowa 

.      13.13 

In  Colorado 

.     25.67 

)»*Jt  AJtML4L«A«AiMLJMi*  «JMJMLJ«LiL!M^ 


5  SHEEP  IN  COLORADO 


iP'  ^-u^ 


NO.  OF  SHEEP 


1860 

1870 120.928 

1880 746.443 

1890 717.990 

1895 1,500,000 

1898 778,000 

NuTE— 1898  fig:ures  taken  from  Assessors'  Valuation  are  lower  than 
those  given  above  for  1895.  See  figures  of  live  stock  two  pages 
back. 


NO.  OF  CATTLE 

1860 

1870 70,736 

1880 346,834 

1890 717.861 

1895  ........  750.000 

1898 660.215 


140 


COLORADO   HAND  BOOK 


1898:  Gold  $51,412,012,  silver  J(;28,774.9-!4.  lead  $14,032,570, 
copper  $2,433,195,  zinc  $234,039  grand  total  $96,886,740. 

Smelters-See  also  Cyanide  Process. 

The  soil  of  Colorado  may  be  called,  in  general,  a  sandy 
loam,  vaiied  in  some  districts  by  clay,  adobe  and  other 
constituents.  In  its  average  it  has  been  found  of  very 
superior  quality,  containing  in  good  proportion  the  elements 
necessary  for  plant  life.  It  is  responsive  in  very  high  de- 
gree wherever  water  can  be  applied  to  it.  Through  the  ap- 
plication of  water  from  mountain  streams  it  is  constantly 
receiving  additions  to  the  elements  needed  to  support  vege- 
tation. 


Om\ha  and  Grant  Smelter,  Den\  er 

Soldiers  and  Sailors  Home  at  Monte  Vista.  S.  M.  French, 
commander.  Supported  by  the  state.  Income  '99,  $22,000. 
No.  of  inmates  121. 

Sopris,I>as  Animas  Co..  on  Colo.  &  So.  Rv.,  227  m.  S.  of 
Denver.  Alt.  6,200  ft.  Pop.  1.000.  Coal  mining.  400  coke 
ovens. 

South  Parle,  in  Park  Co.,  50  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  is  tra- 
versed by  good  wagon  roads  and  by  the  Colo.  Midland  and 


COLORADO   HAND  BOOK  141 

Colo.  &  So.  Rys.  It  is  the  most  beautiful  of  all  the  parks 
and  is  rich  in  grazing,  agricultural  and  coal  lands.  It  is 
the  favorite  summer  resort  of  the  state.  Good  hunting  and 
fishing  and  comfortable  accommodations.  Alt.  8,800  ft. 
Length  60  m.,  width  30  m. 

Springfield,  county  seat  of  Baca  Co.,  50  m.  S.  of  Lamar, 
on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  the  nearest  railroad  point.  Alt. 
4,000  ft.     Pop.  100.    Agriculture  and  stock  raising. 

Springs— See  Mineral  Springs. 

Stark ville,  Las  Animas  Co.,  on  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  215 
Di.   S.  of  Denver.     Pop.  500.     Coal  mining. 

State  Officers  for  1899-1900  are;  Governor,  Charles  S. 
Thomas,  salary  $5,000,  politics  Dem.,  Arapahoe  Co.  Lieu- 
tenant Gov.,  Francis  Carney,  salary  $1,000,  Pop.,  Ouray  Co. 
Secretary  of  State,  Elmer  F.  Beckwith,  salary  $3,000,  Pop., 
Boulder  Co.  Treasurer,  John  H.  Fesler,  salary  $6,000,  Silver 
Rep.,  Garfield  Co.  Auditor,  George  W.  Temple,  salary 
$2,500,  Silver  Rep.,  Rio  Blanco  Co.  Attorney  General,  David 
M.  Campbell,  salary  $3,000,  Pop.,  Pueblo  Co.  Supt.  of  Pub. 
Instruction,  Helen  L.  Grenfell,  salary  $3,000,  Silver  Rep., 
Gilpin  Co.  Chief  Justice,  John  Campbell,  salary  $5,000, 
Rep.,  El  Paso  Co. 

SieamboatSprings,  Routt  Co.,  stage  from  Wolcott,  on  D. 
&  R.  G.  R.  R.,  the  nearest  railroad  point,  70  m.  S.  Alt.  6,500 
ft.  Pop.  300.  The  drive  on  the  stage  is  most  beautiful 
and  the  surrounding  sceneiy  is  lovely.  Celebrated  health, 
pleasure  and  hunting  resort.  Elk,  deer,  bear  and  mountain 
sheep  abound.  300  mineral  springs  within  2  m.,  60  of 
which  contain  sulphur,  magnesia,  iron  and  soda  and  vary 
from  cold  to  156°  F. 

Steel— See  Iron. 

Sterling,  county  seat  of  Logan  Co.,  on  U.  P.  Ry.  and 
B.  &  M.  R.  R.  R.,  152  m.  N.  E.  of  Denver,  fare  $4.70.  Pop. 
1,600.    Hotel  $2.00  per  day.    Agriculture  and  stock  raising. 

Stock  Raising— The  climate  is  very  favorable  to  the  cattle 
industry.  Vast  herds  graze  most  of  the  year  on  the  9,000,000 
acres  of  pasture  which  the  state  contains.  In  the  winter 
they  are  mostly  under  shelter.  The  local  demand  for  stock 
of  all  kinds  is  still  in  excess  of  the  supply.  No  of  stock 
from  assessors*  returns  1898:  Horses,  mules,  etc.,  204,671, 
value  $2,432,157;  cattle,  667,686,  value,  $6,827,152:  sheep, 
822,176,  value  $840,^7;  hogs,  35,373,  value  $75,693;  other 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  143 

animals  13,001,  value  $21,320,  giving  a  total  assessed  valu- 
ation (about  one-third  of  market  value),  $10,196,969.  See 
also  Packing  Houses,  Sheep. 

Stone— Almost  every  kind  of  building  stone  of  the  finest 
quality  is  found  in  the  state.  Nearly  all  the  fine  residences 
and  public  buildings  are  built  of  home  material.  The  supply 
is  practically  inexhaustible.  Value  of  output  1898,  $2,000,- 
000.  See  also  Granite,  Lava,  Onyx,  Sandstone,  Marble, 
Slate. 

Sugar  Beets— The  soil  along  the  S.  Platte,  Arkansas  and 
Grand  rivers  and  in  San  Luis  valley  is  especially  adapted 
to  the  cultivation  of  sugar  beets.  The  crop  averages  16 
tons  to  the  acre,  that  of  the  U.  S.  averages  11  tons  per 
acre.  A  refinery  is  nearly  completed  at  Grand  Junction. 
When  this  is  in  operation  sugar  beets  will  be  still  more  ex- 
tensively raised  in  the  state.  The  Grand  Junction  Business 
Men's  Beet  Growers'  Asscn.  is  doing  much  to  foster  the 
industry  and  will  send  full  information  on  the  subject. 

Sulphur  Springs, county  seat  of  Grand  Co.,  50  m.  N.  W. 
of  Georgetown,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  the  nearest  railroad 
point.  Daily  stage.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  150.  Grand  Lake 
25  m.     Fine  scenery.     Stock  raising. 

Summit  County  is  in  the  center  of  the  state.  0©unty  seat, 
Breckenridge.  Assessed  valuation  $953,372.  Principal  in- 
dustry, mining.  Value  of  output  1898:  Gold  $252,000,  silver 
$296,000,  copper  $15,000,  lead  $60,000.  The  county  will 
make  a  much  better  showing  when  it  is  better  developed. 

Sunset,  Boulder  Co.,  13  m.  from  Boulder,  on  Colo.  &  N. 
W.  Ry.,  43  m.  from  Denver.     Pop.  175.     Mining. 

Sunshine,  Denver-Sunshine,  monthlv  averages,  Denver, 
1892  and  1898: 

Jan.  Feb.  Mar.  Apr.  May  June  July 
Duration,     hours     and 

tenths,    1892 5.9      6.0      6.0      8.8      6.0    11.1      8.7 

Duration,     hours     and 

tenths,  1898 6.8      7.8      8.4      8.8      7.5    10.0    10.8 

Percentage  of  possible, 

1892  60   56   55   66   74   59   73 

Percentage  of  Possible, 

1898  69   73   70   66   51   67   73 


Sept 

Oct 

Nov 

Yearly 
Dec  avgs 

9.6 

7.0 

6.7 

6.4      7.8 

9.9 

77 
79 

9.0 
62 
81 

7.7 
67 
77 

10.5      8.9 
52       02 
85       71 

144  COLORADO  HAND  B' OK 

Aug 
Duration,  hours  and  tenths, 

1892 9.4 

Duration,  hours  and  tenths, 

1898  10.1 

Percentage  of  possible,  '92..    69 
Percentage  of  possible,  *98..    74 

149  clear  days,  162  partly  cloudy,  53  cloudy. 

Swallows,  Pueblo,  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F. 
R.  Rs.,  135  m.  S.  of  Denver.     Alt.  4,900  ft.     Pop.  50. 

Symes,  Jefferson  Co,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  30  m.  W.  of 
Denver.  Pop.  100.  Railroad  point  far  West  Creek  mining 
district. 


Telegraph— There  are  4,566  m.  of  telegraph  and  telephone 
lines  in  Colorado.  The  Western  Union  and  the  Postal  Tele- 
graph Companies  both  operate  in  the  state.  These  com- 
panies are  connected  with  trans-Atlantic  cable  companies 
and  messages  can  be  sent  all  over  the  world.  Rates  to 
England  34c,  to  the  Continent  54c  to  $1,  to  Manila  $2.44  per 
word.  In  1898  nearly  3,600,000  messages  were  received  and 
sent  from  Denver  alone. 

Telephones  are  in  use  in  all  the  larger  towns  in  the  state. 
The  Colorado  Telephone  Co.  has  long  distance  lines  con- 
necting the  various  points,  so  that  three-fourths  of  the 
population  are  within  speaking  distance.  Rates  for  resi- 
dence telephones  in  Denver,  from  $2.50  per  month  upwards. 
There  are  4,566  miles  of  telephone  and  telegraph  lines  in 
the  state. 

Teller  Connty— A  new  county  covering  the  Cripple  Creek 
mining  district,  formed  of  the  western  part  of  El  Paso  and 
the  northeastern  corner  of  Fremont  counties.  Cripple  Creek 
is  temporarily  the  county  seat.  Owing  to  the  recent  or- 
ganization in  March,  1899,  no  statistics  are  available.  All 
center  of  a  rich  mining  district.  Fine  schools,  churches, 
of  which  it  was  formerly  part.  Towns  are  entered  in  this 
book  as  being  in  the  old  counties.  This  will  be  thoroughly 
revised  in  the  next  edition. 

TellurJde,  county  seat  of  San  Miguel  Co.,  on  R.  G.   S. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 


145 


Map  of  Teller  Coun' 


BmacToit  Library 


R.  R.,  423  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  via  Ridgway  $16.90,  via 
Durango  $23.05.  Alt.  8,700  ft.  Pop.  3,000.  Beautifully 
situated  in  San  Miguel  Park,  which  is  6  m.  long  and  %  m. 
wide.  The  level  park  is  surrounded  with  mountains  rising 
abruptly  thousands  of  feet  above.  It  is  the  distributing 
center  of  a  rich  mining  district.  Fine  schools,  churches, 
residences  and  public  buildings.  Good  hotel  $3.00  per  day. 
Opera  house  with  600  seats.  Two  banks  and  daily  paper. 
Rich  agricultural  land  in  vicinity.  Healthy  and  mild  cli- 
mate. Bridal  Veil  Falls  within  10  minutes'  drive.  Well 
known  mines  here  are  the  Smuggler  Union,  Tom  Boy  and 
Japan. 

Temperature— Evaporation  of  perspiration  reduces  the 
heat  of  the  body.  This  evaporation  is  greater  in  a  dry 
climate.  Hence  people  feel  the  heat  less  in  Colorado  than 
in  the  moister  climate  of  the  East.  Sunstroke  is  unknown 
in  Colorado  for  this  reason.  Mean  temperature  by  months, 
Denver,  1898:  Jan.  29.2,  Feb.  37.8,  March  35.7,  April  49.4, 
May  53.0,  June  67.0,  July  72.4,  Aug.  72.6,  Sept.  61.9,  Oct. 
49.0,  Nov.  35.2,  Dec.  26.6. 


146  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Winter  weather  at  Denver— Mean  temperature: 

Oct.  Nov.  Dee.  Jan.  Feb.  Mch.  Apr. 

7  a.  m 40       30       25       15       25       30       37 

3  p.  m 62       48       40       35       41       49       55 

11  p.  m 49       35       29       26       31       39       46 

Tennessee  Pass,  Eagle  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  283  m. 
W.  of  Denver.    Alt.  10,200  ft.    Pop.  25.     Deer  in  vicinity. 

Tents  and  Awnings  to  the  value  of  $175,000  were  manu- 
factured in  Denver  in  1898. 

Territory-See  Land. 

Theatres-Most  of  the  larger  towns  have  good  theaters. 
Those  in  Denver  are  exceptionally  good.  The  "Western 
circuit"  attracts  most  of  best  actors  in  the  country  for 
occasional  tom*s. 

Thornton,Mineral  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  311  m.  S.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $14.80.  Alt.  8,500  ft.  Pop.  50.  Postoffice 
for  Wagon  Wheel  Gap.  Good  fishing.  See  also  Wagon 
Wheel  Gap. 

Ti  mber— S ee  F ores ts . 

Trimble  Hot  Springs,  La  Plata  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R., 
460  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  6,500  ft.  Pop.  75.  Situated  in 
the  beautiful  Animas  Canon.  Two  mineral  springs  130°  F., 
of  great  curative  value.  First-class  bathing  accommoda- 
tion. Fine  summer  hotel  $2.00  per  day.  •  Good  trout  fish- 
ing.   Excepti^onal  climate  and  picturesque  scenery. 

Trinidad,  county  seat  of  Las  Animas  Co.,  210  m.  S.  of 
Denver,  fare  $8.15.  Alt.  6,000  ft.  Pop.  8,000.  On  Colo.  & 
So.  Ry.,  D.  &  R.  G.  and  A.,  T.  &  S.  F.  Rs.  Center  of  the 
largest  coal  belt  in  the  U.  S.  It  also  has  rich  deposits  of 
clays  and  stone  in  vicinity,  also  rich  agricultural  and  graz- 
ing lands.  Fine  schools,  churches  and  residences  and  all 
modern  improvements.  Excellent  climate  and  fine  scenery. 
It  has  many  manufacturing  interests,  including  a  $200,000 
rolling  mill.  Good  hotels  $1.00  to  $3.00  per  day.  It  is  the 
principal  city  of  Southern  Colorado. 

Trout— See  Fishing. 

Trout  Lake,  San  Miguel  Co.,  428  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver  on 
D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  Fruit  raising  and  agriculture.  Elevation 
9,802  ft. 

Truck  Gardening  is  carried  on  extensively  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  all  the  cities  and  larger  towns.  The  demand  for 
these  products  being  always  greater  than  the  home  supply, 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  147 

good  prices  prevail  and  make  this  a  profitable  occupation. 
One  firm  alone  has  3,000  acres  under  irrigation  near  Denver 
which  it  is  selling  in  5  and  10-acre  garden  tracts.  The 
Oastlewood  dam  was  built  especially  to  provide  water  for 
these  tracts.  The  gardener  who  comes  to  Colorado  is  sure 
of  good  returns  for  his  labor.    See  also  Fruit,  Vegetables. 

Trunks  to  the  value  of  ^60,000  were  manufactured  In 
Denver  in  1898. 

Twin  Lakes,  I^ke  Co.,  ou  Colo.  &  So.,  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R. 
and  O.  Mid.  Ry.,  174  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver.  Alt.  9,360  ft. 
l*op.  500.  The  massive  Collegiate  Range,  14,000  to  15,000 
ft.  in  height,  are  mirrored  in  the  placid  waters  of  the  lakes. 
Noted  health  and  pleasure  resort  and  mining  town.  Good 
hotel  $2.00  i^r  day.  Climate  cool  in  summer.  Splendid 
trout  fishing.     Site  of  Branch  U.  S.  Fish  Hatchery. 

U 

Uneompahg^re  rioiintains— This  range  is  short  and  runs 
from  west  to  east.  It  contains  some  verj^  high  mountains, 
usually  at  right  angles  to  the  chain.  Uncompahgre,  14,419 
ft.,  Hinsdale  'Co.,  nearest  point,  Uuray.  The  Wetterhorn, 
14,0(i9  ft.,  Hinsdale  Co.,  nearest  point,  Ouray. 

United  n^xlerns— A  fraternal  benefit  order  founded  in 
Denver  in  1897.  Has  3,000  members;  issue  insurance  up 
to  $10,000,  including  accident  and  old  age  benefits.  Oper- 
ates in  Colorado,  Oliio,  Virginia,  Arkansas,  Texas,  Iowa, 
New  Mexico,  Nebraska,  Arizona,  Utah,  Wyoming,  Idaho, 
Montana,  California,  Oregon  and  Oklahoma  up  to  May, 
1899.  Extending  each  month.  Has  a  reserve  of  $35,000. 
Otticers,  E.  M.  Johnson,  Supreme  Chancellor;  E.  W. 
Smith,  Supreme  Recorder;  Dr.  G.  N.  Maeomber,  Supreme 
Medical  Examiner;  E.  S.  Irish,  Supreme  Financier;  E.  M. 
Elliott  and  W  L.  S towers,  Supreme  Organizers;  M.  B. 
Johnson,  Supreme  Regent;  P.  J.  Dempsey,  Supreme  War- 
den.   Ottices,  825  IGth  Street,  Denver. 

University  of  Colorado,  at  Boulder,  James  H.  Baker, 
Frest.  Supponed  by  the  state  and  free  to  residents.  Full 
college  course  for  both  sexes.  Students'  living  expenses 
JF210.  Income  '98  $70,000.  No.  of  pupils  700.  Compares 
favorably  with  eastern  colleges  and  has  departments  of 
law,  medicine,  applied  science,  music,  a  preparatory  school 


148  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

and  a  library  of  19,000  vols.     For  full  particulars  apply  to 
the  president. 


Valuation— The  assessed  valuation  of  all  property  in  the 
state  in  1898  Avas  $192,263,085.  This  is  about  oue-third  of 
the  market  value.    Wealth  per  capita,  $2,780. 

Vance,  San  JNJiguel  Co.,  on  R.  G.  S.  R.  R.,  417  m.  S.  W.  of 

Vegetables— See  also  Ti-uck  Gardening. 
Denver,  fare  $16.45.     Alt.  8,100  ft.     Pop.  60.     Trout,  bear, 
deer,   lynx,    mountain   lion,    mountain   sheep,   rabbits   and 
grouse  in  vicinity. 

Veta  Pass,  (9,393  ft.),  in  Las  Animas  Co.,  affords  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  and  extensive  views  in  the  state.  The 
building  of  the  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  over  the  pass  is  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  engineering  achievements.  The  "Mule- 
shoe  curve"  is  the  sharpest  known  to  engineers.  The  plains 
to  the  E.  stretch  to  the  dim  horizon.  The  stupendous  moun- 
tains of  the  Spanish  Peakc'  rise  to  the  W. 

Victor,  Teller  Co.,  on  Midland  Terminal  and  Florence  & 
Cripple  Creek  R.  Rs.  and  C.  C.  Electric  Ry.,  125  m.  S.  of 
Denver,  fare  $5.75.  Alt.  9,700  ft.  Pop.  5,000.  One  of  the 
richest  mining  camps  in  the  Cripple  Creek  district.  Site 
of  Independence,  Portland,  Gold  Coin  and  other  famous 
mines.  Beautifully  situated  on  Battle  and  Squaw  moun- 
tains. Fine  schools,  churches  and  buildings.  Two  daily 
papers.  Fine  opera  house  with  1,000  seats  now  being  con- 
structed. All  modern  improvements.  Fine  scenery  and 
healthy  climate. 

Villa  Grove,  Saguache  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  247  m. 
S.  of  Denver,  fare  $7.80.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  300.  Trout 
and  deer  in  vicinity. 

W 

Wages  have  fallen  since  1893  but  are  still  from  20  to  30 
per  cent,  higher  than  in  eastern  states.  This  applies  more 
to  laborers  and  mechanics  than  to  clerks,  as  so  many  of 
the  latter  are  attracted  here  in  search  of  health. 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  149 


WEALTH    PER    CAPITA 

EASt   AND  WEST 

Montana .  $3,420 

Colorado     .   .   .    2,780 

Utah 1.681 

Nevada    ....     3,941 
Idaho 2.464 


Average   .   . 

New  Hampshire  $  863 
Vermont  ....  799 
Rhode  Island  .  1.459 
New  York  .  .  1.430 
Pennsylvania    .     1,177 


$2,859 


Average 


$1,145 


WAGES   IN    COLORADO         t 

1890   U      8     CENSUS  ^ 

Average    annual    wages    of         ? 
operatives,  skilled  and  un-  ^ 

skilled,    over    sixteen,   in         ^ 
manufacturing    establish-  jt 

ments $685.00  J 

In  Connecticut  ....    543.00  | 

In  Illinois 547.00  ■ 

In  Massachusetts  .   .   .    540.00  : 

In  Ohio     489.00  ; 

Wages  in  other  lines  of  work  3 
were  equally  as  high.  Since  ; 
1893  they  have  fallen,  but  are  '■ 
still  from  20  per  cent,  to  30  per  : 
cent,  higher  than  In  most  of  the  ; 
S  Eastern  States. 

Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  Rio  Grande  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R., 

311  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare  $14.80.  Alt.  8,500  ft.  Pop. 
25.  One  cold  and  several  hot  springs,  140°  to  150°  F., 
possess  great  medical  value.  Good  bathing  accommodation. 
Hotels  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day.  Magnificent  scenery  and  de- 
lightful climate.  Antelope  Park,  20  m.  W.  Good  hunting 
and  fishing.     Trout  and  game  of  all  kinds  in  vicinity. 

Walden,  I^arimer  Co.,  110  m.  W.  of  Fort  Collins.  The 
only  town  in  North  Park.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Pop.  100.  Stock 
raising. 

Walsenburg,  county  seat  of  Huerfano  Co.,  on  Colo.  & 
So.  and  D.  &,  R.  G.  R.  Rs.,  176  m.  S.  W.  of  Denver,  fare 
$6.70.  Alt.  6,100  ft.  Pop.  1,300.  Opera  house  with  250 
seats.  Hotel  $2.00  per  day.  3  large  lakes,  well  stocked 
with  trout,  2%  m.  distant. 

Ward,  Boulder  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  N.  W.  Ry.,  56  m.  N.  W.  of 
DeuA'er.  Pop.  1,000.  Rich  mining  camp  in  Boulder  Co. 
Gold  Belt.     Six  stamp  mills. 

Washingi:on  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  County  seat,  Akron. 
Assessed  valuation,  $741,778.  It  has  257,000  acres  of  agri- 
cultural land.  Principal  industries,  agriculture  and  stock 
raising.  It  has  2,500  horses,  18,000  cattle.  25,000  sheep. 
Crop,  1898:  Wheat  10,000  bus.,  oats  15,000  bus.,  corn  20,000 


150  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

bus.,  hay  20,000  tons.  Placer  deposits  of  gold,  clay,  kaolin 
and  fre«h  water  lime  have  been  ^ound. 

Watermelons— See  Melons. 

Water  Power— The  water  power  of  the  state  is  suflScient 
to  oijerate  all  the  machinery  of  the  world.  Divided  as  fol- 
lows: North  Platte,  206,000  horse  power;  S.  Platte,  731,000 
h.  p.;  Arkansas,  473,000  h.  p.;  Rio  Grande,  144,000  h.  p.; 
San  Juan,  576,000  h.  p.;  Grand  river,  2,068,000  h.  p.;  Green 
river,  927,000  h.  p.  A  small  portion  of  this  is  utilized  in 
tlie  mines,  etc.  Water  is  conducted  through  ditches  and 
flumes  to  a  power  house,  where  it  is  transformed  into  elec- 
trical energy,  which  is  then  supplied  to  plants  by  wire. 
Total  water  power,  5,145,000  h.  p.  Commercially  available, 
1,000,000  h.  p.  Projected  undertakings  will  use  71,000  h, 
p.    Only  7,000  h.  p.  now  in  use. 

Water  Supply— Tliis  is  derived  chiefly  from  the  pure 
mountain  streams.  It  is  more  than  adequate  in  all  the 
towns  and  superior  in  quality  to  that  found  in  the  Middle 
West. 

Waunita,  Gunnison  Co.,  8  m.  from  Parlin,  on  D.  &  R. 
G.  R.  R.,  the  nearest  railroad  point.  Alt.  8,000  ft.  Numer- 
ous warm  springs  beneficial  to  rheumatism  and  Bright's 
disease.  Good  hotel  and  bathing  facilities.  Splendid  cli-. 
mate  and  scenery. 

Wealth— See  Valuation. 

Weather— See  Climate,  Rain,  Sunshine,  Wind. 

Weld  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  County  seat,  Greeley.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $7,771,638.  It  has  341.723  acres  of  agri- 
cultural, 767,000  acres  of  grazing  and  1,700  acres  of  coal 
lands.  Principal  industry,  agriculture,  particularly  potato 
growing.  Crops  1898:  Wheat  900,(X)0  bus.,  oats  100,000 
bus.,  corn  50,000  bus.,  potatoes  4,000  cajloads.  Value  of 
rive  stock,  horses,  etc.,  $276,000,  cattle  $700,000,  sheep  $165,- 
000,  swine  $20,000.  Poultry  and  dairy  produced  are  shipped 
extensively. 

Wellsville, Fremont  Co.  Howard,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R., 
is  the  nearest  railroad  point.  Alt.  6,900  ft.  Valuable  hot 
mineral  springs.  Beautifully  situated  in  the  Canon  of  the 
Arkansas. 

Western  Slope  is  the  term  applied  to  the  basins  of  the 
Gunnison,  Grand  and  Dolores  rivers  to  the  W.  of  the 
Saguache  Mtns.    It  is  the  most  productive  fruit  section  in 


COLORADO  HAND  BOOK  151 

the  state.  It  is  a  vast  plateau  larger  in  extent  than  Eng- 
land. 

Wheat— The  largest  wheat  section  is  in  the  N.  of  the 
state.  The  crop  in  1898  was  5,000,000  bushels,  valued  at 
$3,500,000.  More  than  three-fourths  of  this  is  exported, 
principally  to  Texas  and,  via  Galveston,  to  Europe.  There 
are  32  elevators  and  50  flour  mills  in  Colorado. 

Whitewater,  Mesa  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  E.  R.,  413  m.  W. 
of  Denver,  fare  $15.00.  Alt.  4,700  ft.  Pop.  100.  Agricul- 
ture and  fruit-growing.    Trout,  15  m;  deer  within  25  m. 

Wind -Cyclones  are  unknown  in  Colorado.  The  highest 
velocity  at  Denver  lil  1808  was  58  m.  per  hour.  Prevailing 
direction  is  from  the  S.  There  is  usually  a  cool  breeze  in 
summer,  which  makes  the  days,  and  especially  the  nights, 
enjoyable. 

Windsor,  Weld  Co.,  on  Colo.  &  So.  Ry.,  86  m.  N.  of 
Denver,  fare  $2.75,  round  trip  $3.70.  Alt.  4,800  ft.  Pop. 
4CM).     Agriculture  and   trading  point. 

Wolcott,  Eagle  Co.,  on  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  325  m.  W.  of 
Denver,  fare  $11.15.  Alt.  7,000  ft.  Pop.  150.  Stage  to 
Steamboat  Springs.     Ti'out,  deer,  elk  and  bear  in  vicinity. 

I  WOOL 

I        Sheep  In  Colorado  In  1894: 
Number  of  Sheep  ..  1.275.000 
Average  weight  of  fleece  .  7  lbs. 
Total  wool  clip  .   8,861,328  lbs 


Woman— Over  40  per  cent,  of  the  population  is  female. 
Women's  clubs  are  flourishing  in  all  the  larger  towns  and 
interest  themselves  in  charity,  education  and  reform. 
Woman  suffrage  was,  in  accordance  with  the  constitution, 
submitted  to  a  popular  vote  in  '93  and  was  carried  by  35,- 
798  votes  for  and  29,451  against..  It  has  not  materially 
affected  the  political  situation,  nor  has  it  destroyed  home 
life,  as  some  prophets  foretold.  The  growth  of  women's 
clubs  and  the  interest  of  women  in  public  affairs  has  been 
very  much  greater  since  equal  suffrage  w^as  adopted.  Read 
also  Brown's  "History  of  Woman  Suffrage  in  Colorado." 


152  COLORADO  HAND  BOOK 

Woman's  wearto  the  value  of  $7,500  was  manufactured  in 
Den\er  in  1898. 

Wool— See  Sheep. 

Wray,  Yuma  Co.,  on  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  R.,  165  m.  E.  of 
Denver.     Pop.  300.     Agriculture. 


Yuma,  county  seat  of  Yuma  Co.,  138  m.  E.  of  Denver 
on  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  R.,  fare  $5.55.  Pop.  800.  Hotel  $2.(H) 
per  day.     Agriculture  and  stock  raising. 

Yuma  County  is  in  the  N.  E.  Cotmty  seat,  Yuma.  As- 
sessed valuation,  $907,074.  Agricultural  land  240,000  acres. 
It  is  in  the  rainbelt  and  its  principal  industries  are  agri- 
culture and  stock  raising. 


Zinc  is  being  mined  near  Leadville,  in  Upper  Clear  Creek 
and  at  Creede.  It  is  used  largely  for  zinc  concentrates  in 
the  treatment  plants. 


QT  SPRINGS 

MOTPI       AND  -3^-J^ 
I    Ivy    I    l_L  57\NIT7\RIUn 


J.  L.  PRENTISS,  M.  D.,  MANAGER  ^S^^^^ 
HOT  MINERAL  BATHS  ...  25  CENTS  TO  |1.00 
RATES  ...  |1.00  TO  |2.00  PER  DAY  ^^^^^ 
CANON  CITY,  COLO..<^One  Mile  West  of  Depot 


in 


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